I constantly make mistakes in verbs ending in -ts and -tsya. Help to understand and remember when to write a soft sign, and when not.
Answer
The incorrect spelling of verbs ending in "-tsya" and "-tsya" is one of the most common mistakes on the Internet, cutting eyes and spoiling the impression of even the best blogs and other sites. Usually they write an extra soft sign: "I like him", "he won't succeed." For people who write correctly, the question does not even arise about whether to write or not to write a soft sign, they do it automatically correctly, without thinking. Therefore, the rule for the correct (sorry for some tautology) spelling of verbs ending in "-tsya" and "-tsya" is necessary only for those who make mistakes. Knowing this “sin” behind you, every time you need to write a word with “tsya” and “tsya”, remember this rule until one fine day it ceases to be necessary for you, because you will begin to feel the only correct spelling without resorting to the rule .
Ask a question to the verb (one of these: what does it do? what will it do? what to do? what to do?). If there is a soft sign in the question, then it is necessary in the word. If the question is not soft sign, then it is not in the word either.
What is he doing? (no soft sign) - Having fun, somersaulting, getting married, doing push-ups, studying ...
What (will, wants, intends, intends ...) to do? (there is a soft sign) - Have fun, somersault, get married, do push-ups, study ...
What will he do? (there is no soft sign) - He will catch himself, gather himself, overstrain, respond, catch a cold ...
What to do? (there is a soft sign) - Catch, gather, overstrain, respond, catch a cold ...
If there is a soft sign in the question, then it is needed in the word.
If there is no soft sign in the question, then it is not needed in the word either.
Sometimes (very rarely) it is impossible to ask a question to the verb (if there is no subject in the sentence). In this case, feel free to write without a soft sign.
Not good for being young. It is easy to put the question to “be young”: “what to do?”, but to “not good” the question cannot be asked - therefore we write without a soft sign.
And a few proverbs that will help you feel the difference between "-tsya" and "-tsya".
Don't spit in the well, you'll get drunk.
Whoever swears without work cannot be relied upon.
What was to marry, if rye is not born.
Why boast about something that is not good for people.
Work well - bread will be born.
Literacy is always useful to learn.
As it is sewn, so it is worn.
Than to lie, it is better to scratch silently.
To be afraid of wolves - do not go into the forest.
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“Let him go and learn - or learn?” Perhaps this error confidently holds the first place in the ranking of the most annoying. It's a shame that an annoying typo is often disguised as it. It seems that you know the rule, but all the same, in a hurry, in quick correspondence, a soft sign pops up where it does not belong at all. But it is unlikely that the champion of spelling purity will be convinced by the argument “I had a five in Russian, I put a soft sign by accident, my hand trembled.” Too noticeable, hurts the eyes.
What is the reason for this error? The point is that in oral speech do not differ when pronouncing the infinitive (in other words, the indefinite form) of the reflexive verb, for example, "learn", and its third person singular form is "he (she) will learn."
Let's figure out when a soft sign is indispensable, and when it is clearly superfluous. It's all about the significant part of the word (linguists call it a morpheme), which is at the end of each reflexive verb. This is a postfix -СЯ, by which the verb is recognized as reflexive. We inherited it from the Old Russian language. In fact, this is a truncated pronoun for "myself". For example, “dressing up” means “dressing yourself up”: the action is directed at the one who performs it, is closed on him. The postfix -СЯ also has other meanings: for example, it shows that an action is performed by several people at once (“hugging” without fail with someone - at least two people hug each other) or that it is involuntary (“get hurt”) and so on .
What's important? Remember that the postfix -СЯ is a special part of the word, its place is after graduation.
To the infinitive of the most common verb "teach" (what to do?), With a soft sign at the end, they attached -СЯ - and got the infinitive of the reflexive verb "learn". Here -ТЬ (infinitive suffix) and -СЯ (postfix) are different parts of the word, there is a boundary between them. Let's put this verb in the form of the third person singular - "he will learn" (what will he do?): the border will pass between the ending -IT and the postfix -СЯ.
But in oral speech, this boundary is erased: -TSYA and -TSYA sound the same, like "tsa". About ourselves, "in the mind", we pronounce exactly the same. That is why the error occurs.
How to deal with it? First, separate the postfix -СЯ from the end of the verb, solve the problem with the help of visualization: you need to imagine how the word is written and see -СЯ in it. For training, you can disassemble several reflexive verbs by composition. Secondly, in a school way, check yourself with a question. “Want (what to do?) to learn” - since there is (that is, it is written) a soft sign in the question, we put it in the verb as well. “He will certainly (what will he do?) Learn” - no soft sign, because it is not in the question (not written). The reception is boring, but effective, it helps to bring spelling to automatism.
Sometimes phrases like “want to learn” cause difficulties. Which of the verbs needs a soft sign, and which does not? The question "what is being done?" to the first verb seems strange. How to be here? Yes, just do not think about the strangeness of the question. It's definitely not worth it to be ashamed to ask it to yourself. He clarifies the situation (after all, there is no soft sign in it) and helps to throw a bridge to the second verb: “I want (what to do?) to learn.”
Everything will definitely work!
This opus is dedicated to all those strong, independent personalities who are very fond of writing illiterate nonsense and talking about the fact that they do not need to be taught, they have already achieved everything. “If you are so smart, where is your money?” – the wounded literate will ask. You know, in one Irish social network there is certain system fines for elementary grammatical violations. If you exceed the limit, you will say goodbye to your page forever. It is clear that this social network is not popular and will close soon, as the Irish are wayward people, and they really don’t like it when some “bastard teaches life, if you are so smart, go out one on one”! But similar rule should be included in all social networks.
Language is one of the foundations of statehood. When a people loses it, it loses its history, its heritage. This is beautiful to say. And if you really get off the brakes and say everything as it is, then learn to distinguish between the cases of writing -TSYA and -TSYA! At least this! To not be embarrassed! Even a fifth grader writes better! There is no “Grammar Nazi” slant here: this is an elementary attempt to point out the most common problems when writing. If you want to write an angry comment, write it correctly, without mistakes. The author will be pleased.
P.S. If you find something misspelled in the text, it's not me - it's all Freemasons, 2 parochial classes and alcohol. What right do I have to write all this? And who, if not BroDude?!
This is, so to speak, the quintessence of all the mistakes made by millions when writing. For everyone, “Grammar Nazi” is a symbol of the struggle for the purity of the language (God, how terrible it is to write “purity” next to the word “Nazi”. I know, I know, this is the calculation.) Like Joan of Arc for the French during the Hundred Years War . Although Jeanne did not know how to write at all, and thank God.
In fact, everything is simple to the point of banality:
- “-tsya” is written if the verb answers the question “what is it doing?”;
- “-s” is supposed to appear in the verb if it answers the question “what to do?”.
Example:
– WHAT IS Bartholomew DOING?
- Bartholomew is spreading in the alley.
– What are we to do then?
– GET OUT with him.
- I don't want.
- Have to.
A soft sign is generally an insidious thing. How many words have been mangled by his presence/absence. Therefore, "b" is important and should be put:
- in the indefinite form of the verb, called beautiful word"infinitive": "to smear";
- at the end of the verb of the 2nd person singular of the present or future tense: “Pontuesh“ priory ”in front of friends; intercourse in the “prior” without friends”;
- after consonants in forms imperative mood. True, there are exceptions - “d” and “d”: “Lie down on the couch, gently stick it down. Then rinse your mouth and spit”;
- in the recurrent particle (suffix) after the vowel sound: "I'll get drunk", "I'll vomit", "I'll cut myself off."
In other cases, in the verb endings, “b” is not put (What is he doing? - Put by heroin). He likes to blow his nose in the hand in front of the young ladies, but "he blows his nose in the hand."
And finally, fixing the material. If the word "infinitive" is as alien and incomprehensible to you as the word "adequacy" to Gauguin Solntsev, then there is an easier way:
“-sya” is a recurrent particle, short for “self”. Say this form in full, and everything will immediately become clear:
"He likes to wash himself before a date" - you won't say "wash". This is not old Russian for you.
“It is necessary to wash yourself in order not to get infected with gangrene”, - “washing up” cannot be written; "infect".
"Women bathe in the bath." “Women bathe themselves.”
"Kuzma came to the bath - the women ran to hide." - "They ran to hide themselves from the accursed Kuzma."
Let's look at the studied material based on the good old VIA song with the telling name "KhZ":
Friends, let's sort it out (what to do? - sort it out)
And negotiate (negotiate)
To whom, when and with whom to fuck, (fuck)
So as not to break off. (there is no such word as “Breaking off”)
But when we agree (what will we do?)
And let's figure it out (same thing)
Let's have some fun then
And… well, you get the idea.
Now let's remember school and do an exercise to consolidate the material. Insert a soft sign where necessary.
Stepanida was offered to star in a film of light content.
Ferapont wanted to get drunk..sya. But the district police officer forbade him to approach the stall.
Panteleimon is glued to Genevienne. At first, Genevienne is shy, but later gives in to the stubborn Panteleimon.
The lazy fatass has a thin roof..sya.
Does not spit .. to the inhabitants in the well. Residents know that you can not spit there .. sya. It will come in handy .. to drink water .. sya.
Today's lesson is over, goodbye!
Students mix the 3rd person singular with the infinitive mostly in verbs that match both in form and pronunciation (He often hunts. He loves to hunt). These errors are very persistent. Test questions (what is he doing?) (what to do?) help to distinguish between these forms only if the guys correctly find the word from which the question is posed. But this question is not easy to substitute for all verbs, therefore, in order to develop the necessary spelling skill, one should a large number of training works in which these forms are compared.
1. Insert into sentences the verbs to be afraid, to go, to prepare, to care, to be useful in the required form.
1) No need (what to do?) Difficulties. They (what are they doing?) tell the truth.
2) I'll have to (what to do?) To you for help. The patient (what will he do?) For advice to the doctor.
3) Brother is tense (what is he doing?) for exams. He needs (what to do?) to report.
4) Father (what is he doing?) about everyone. He also teaches us (what to do?) About each other.
5) This textbook (what will it do?) to my younger brother. He can still (what to do?) Us.
2. Compose phrases with verbs.
Meet - meet, refresh - refresh, free - free, reflect - reflect, return - return, have fun - have fun, sit down - sit down, clean - clean, quarrel - quarrel, wake up - wake up, get to know - get to know, worry - worry, languish - languish.
3. Add prefixes and reflexive suffixes to these verbs.
With newly formed verbs in the indefinite form and in the form of the 3rd person singular, make sentences: to prepare - you need to prepare for classes; The student will prepare for the exam.
Knock, cook, drown, disturb, clean, store, see, heal, speak, believe, share, acquaint, reconcile, torment.
4. Replace the verb in the form of the 3rd person with an indefinite form, using the following auxiliary words want, start, become, be able, gather, must, ready, intend:
The boy will improve. - The boy wants to improve.
The bolt will be fixed, the team will vouch for it, the issue will be clarified, the patient is being treated, the pelvis will be filled, academic performance will increase, the director will order, the dream will come true, the rain will stop, the regime will not be violated.
The next task involves repeating the spelling not and neither in negative pronouns.
5. Rebuild the sentences, replacing verbs in the indefinite form with verbs in the 3rd person singular and vice versa:
6. Write down proverbs and sayings in which verbs end in -gay and -tsya.
After the students complete the matching exercises and practice asking questions, the spelling skill becomes fairly stable. However, for weak students, this work may not be enough, then it is useful to use another technique.
In the indicative mood, the present or future simple tense verbs can always be replaced by past tense verbs, for example:
The teacher will take care of the kids - took care of the kids. Who is afraid of difficulties, he will not learn to overcome them. - Who was afraid of difficulties, he did not learn ...
In relation to the verb in the indefinite form, such a replacement is impossible, because the verb in the indefinite form only names the action, but does not indicate the time of its completion.
As a training work, we offer students examples in which it is necessary to replace, where possible, these verbs with past tense verbs:
He tries not to worry. - He tried not to worry.
1) You have to go to bed.
2) The old story may repeat itself again.
3) I will manage to pass here.
4) I would like to return early.
5) Do not sit in a cramped hut, do not lie on the stove (N.).
6) You have to go down to the city along a sloping highway (Kor.).
7) It's getting dark outside, but we don't want to go back.
It began to seem to him that all the individual sounds quietly fly in through the window and circle for a long time over his bed (Kor.).
9) Who loves to work, he can’t sit idle (ate).
10) What is born in the summer will come in handy in the winter (ate).
11) Than to be angry, it is better to make peace (ate).
12) Who is not afraid of death, the bullet shuns him (ate).
Lesson topic: Spelling -tsya and -tsya in verbs.
Grade: 5
The purpose of the lesson: f formation of skills to write and pronounce verbs with -tsya and -tsya;
know the corresponding rule and be able to graphically indicate the conditions for choosing the correct spellings.
Lesson objectives:
1) to work out the method of action when choosing the spelling -tsya and -tsya, to work to prevent the most common and persistent errors in writing this spelling;
2) develop the ability to speak out on grammar topic, compare, analyze, develop spelling vigilance;
3) to cultivate a positive attitude to learning, to knowledge, respect for each other through work on proverbs.
Equipment: multimedia presentation, textbook, algorithm;
Lesson type: skill development lesson.
Lesson duration: 40 minutes
During the classes:
- Organizing time.
Hello guys, sit down.
The bell rang loudly
He called us to class.
My part is fine:
Both textbook and notebooks.
I'm ready, I'm ready
Listen to your entire lesson.
- Repetition of the studied material.
The Russian language never ceases to amaze us, and today we have to solve another riddle. How is it that words are pronounced the same but spelled differently? But in order to start this, we need to remember a little and check our baggage of knowledge already gained in the Russian language lessons.
Oral survey. slide 1.
The verb is...
Verbs change according to...
In a sentence, the verb is...
Verbs in an indefinite form answer questions ...
In the indefinite form of the verb after the letter H ...
Put the verbs in the indefinite form. Slide 2.
You walk, run, walk, walk, rush, shore, study, love, protect, bake, rejoice.
CH or CH? Slide 3.
Zazhe ..., strength ..., re ..., attracted ..., squeak ..., save ..., bake ..., feces ..., erase ..., godfather ..., lie ..., obzhe ..., gra ..., harness ..., butt ...
- Introduction to a new topic.Statement of a problem situation.
Let's write down the date and topic of the lesson "Spelling -tsya and -tsya in verbs."
Write down the sentences in your notebook. slide 4.
Venus (what is she doing?) lights up.
It starts (what to do?) to swirl.
The sun (what is it doing?) is rising.
Pay attention to the question to the verb and make a conclusion about the spelling of verbs.
What determines the spelling -tsya, -tsya?(student answers)That's right, from whether there is a soft sign in the question posed to the verb. The choice of spelling depends on the form of the word. And we set the form of the verb according to the question.
Remember guys! The question is your main assistant. If you can put the question correctly, then you will write the verb correctly.
Slide 5. So as not to think, not to guess,
Is it necessary to write a soft sign,
It must be remembered that the verb
You must ask a question.
There is a soft sign in the question,
That praise and honor to him -
It is also needed in the verb.
That's what they always taught in school.
Here is the spelling algorithm -tsya and -tsya in verbs. slide 6. With this algorithm, you can easily cope with the task.
Spelling algorithm -tsya and -tsya.
Indefinite form 3rd person form
(what to do?) (what to do?)
I want to study boy
I can work, dad works
So, let's make a conclusion. In what form is the soft sign written, and in what form is it not?(student answers)That's right, the soft sign is written in the indefinite form of the verb.
- Fizkultminutka.
We've worked hard - we'll have a rest.
Let's get up and take a deep breath.
Hands to the sides, forward
Left, right turn.
Three bends, stand up straight
Raise your hands up and down.
Hands slowly lowered
Everyone was given smiles.
- Consolidation of acquired knowledge and skills.
Let's read the rule in the textbook on page 106.(One person reads aloud, then students read to themselves)Pay attention to how the spelling is indicated.
1. "Auction" of proverbs.
Slide 7 . Write down proverbs, denoting the studied spelling.
The teacher comments on the first example, the rest at the blackboard in turn and in a notebook.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A coward is afraid of his shadow (?) Xia.
It's not a shame not to know, it's a shame not to learn (?) Xia.
Every person in business knows (?) Xia.
It falls out of his hands (?) Xia.
For all brother (?) Xia - do nothing.
Work with the textbook.
Examination. slide 8.
2. Distributive dictation.
Guys, did you pay attention to how -ts and -ts are pronounced in verbs?(student answers)You need to be extremely careful when writing such words.
Write the phrases in two columns. slide 9.
The bridge of the nose hurts, the meeting is postponed;
pure water, you should not hang out with him;
white chicken, the volcano is smoking; sharp needle,
he can't sleep.
3. Let's do exercise 633 in writing.
(The teacher comments on the first sentence, the rest of the students complete it on their own.)
Exercise check.
- Summing up the lesson.
Oral survey. slide 10.
- How to explain the choice of spelling -ts and -tsya in verbs?
- Give examples of writing -ts and -tsya in verbs.
- How is this spelling indicated in the letter?
- How to put a verb in the indefinite form?
Giving marks for class work.
- Setting homework. Slide 11.
At home, you need to learn the rule on page 106, complete exercise 634 in writing on the assignment.
Thank you all, the lesson is over.