MOSCOW, August 21 - RIA Novosti. The Moscow Ring Road is waiting for the next stage of reconstruction, because this route remains one of the busiest in the Moscow region. The Moscow Ring Road is already over 50 years old, and motorists of older generations remember this road still quite free. Now this is the most problematic route in the capital and far from the border of Moscow, which served for many years. On the eve of the next changes on the Moscow Ring Road, RIA Novosti made a selection of interesting facts about the half-century history of the highway.
The question of the reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road arose in connection with the start of a large-scale project to combat traffic jams in Moscow, which was launched in 2011 at the initiative of Sergei Sobyanin. According to the Moscow Department of Construction, in 2013-2015 it is planned to build and reconstruct 17 transport interchanges on the Moscow Ring Road. The Moscow authorities intend to divide the route into sections for reconstruction and put up for auction in separate lots as soon as the documentation is ready.
Empty Moscow Ring Road and Khrushchev's mistake
The construction of the Moscow Ring Road began in the 30s of the 20th century. However, the war interrupted the work. They returned to the project only in the 50s, and it was possible to complete the road only under Khrushchev - in 1962. At that time, the Moscow Ring Road was the best highway in the country, although initially it had only two lanes in both directions. It is interesting that in the original project it was proposed to build four lanes in each direction at once, but Khrushchev believed that there would not be enough cars for such a road in the country, and he "cut" the traffic to two lanes in each direction.
Interchanges-butterflies and cinema on the Moscow Ring Road
On the Moscow Ring Road in the 60s of the last century, there were the latest structures for that time - butterfly interchanges. It was at these interchanges that the chase scenes of the popular 1966 Soviet film "Beware of the Car" were filmed. On the empty roads of that time, Maxim Podberezovikov was chasing Yuri Detochkin.
Calculations in kilometers
The first large-scale reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road took place in the early 90s, after Yuri Luzhkov came to the post of mayor of Moscow. In 1993-94, the road was completely illuminated, and concrete barriers were installed on the dividing strips. During the reconstruction, it turned out that the kilometer posts on the highway are not at an equal distance from each other - in some sections the distance reached 1,800 meters, and somewhere it did not reach a kilometer and was only 700 meters. But, despite the miscalculations in kilometers, the road services and the police were against moving the poles, so as not to get confused where to go in the event of an accident.
"Death Road"
In Soviet times, roads were designed in accordance with old calculations, in which a car boom in Moscow was expected only by 2015. Over the years, not only the number of cars on the Moscow Ring Road has grown, but also the number of crosses and wreaths along the highway, for which motorists began to call it "the road of death." The main complaints of drivers to the Moscow Ring Road are the lack of lighting, the deterioration of the roadway and the lack of lanes for comfortable movement. Most of the accidents that happened on the road in the late 80s were head-on collisions and collisions with pedestrians, many of which were fatal.
The longest traffic jams
Now the MKAD for most motorists is associated only with traffic jams. The time of the longest traffic jams is winter, especially the month of December. So, in the winter of 2013, due to heavy snowfall, drivers had to spend the night on the Moscow Ring Road - the road was practically paralyzed due to stalled trucks, on January 18, the traffic jam stretched for 34 kilometers. But sometimes traffic jams form on the Moscow Ring Road despite the weather conditions. For example, the longest in the history of the road, a 68-kilometer 13-hour traffic jam on the highway was recorded on May 15, 2008. From 11 am to midnight, the inner side of the Moscow Ring Road stood, from Dmitrovskoye Highway to Profsoyuznaya Street. The reasons are the blocking of a number of roads by traffic police officers. And in the snowy December 2010, the traffic jam stretched for almost 50 kilometers.
10 helipads for small aircraft will be built along the Moscow Ring RoadThe regional authorities also plan to build two airfields in close proximity to Moscow, and use about 12-13 airfields in the region to organize air transportation.Helipads on the Moscow Ring Road
The idea of organizing a helicopter service in the Moscow region is not new, and the first helipads for small aircraft in the coming years should appear on the Moscow Ring Road. Heliports will be built at the expense of investors and used for various needs of the city, including for ambulance. And several classes of aircraft will fly in the region - with a carrying capacity of up to 1.5 tons, up to 5.5 tons and up to 10 tons. It is planned, in particular, to use An-2 aircraft, which are colloquially called "Annushki".
Dimensions and throughput
Today, the length of the Moscow Ring Road is 108.9 kilometers. The width of the highway is 10 lanes, five in each direction. Of these, four are ordinary lanes and the fifth is a transitional-high-speed lane. From the center of Moscow, the road runs at a distance of 12-18 kilometers. MKAD connects all citywide radial highways. The permitted speed on the Moscow Ring Road is 100 kilometers per hour, and the throughput is 9,000 vehicles per hour.
Story
Moscow Ring Road near Yasenev
The construction of the road began at the end of the city near the Yaroslavl highway. The first section was opened for traffic in the city. Traffic along the entire ring was open in the city. The ring consisted of 2 roads (two lanes in each direction) 7 meters wide, separated by a 4-meter dividing strip. The edge of the road was lined with corrugated slabs. Two bridges across the Moskva River were built along the route:
- Besedinsky bridge, 1960, engineer. R. M. Galperin, architect. G. I. Korneev (near Kapotnya and the village of Besedy)
- Spassky Bridge, 1962, engineer. V. D. Vasiliev, architect. K. P. Savelyev (in the Strogino region and the village of Spas).
In total, there were 7 bridges and 54 overpasses on the ring. Initially, the ring road had 33 two-level interchanges with highways leaving Moscow, and in the early 1980s. at the intersection with the Simferopol highway, a three-level one was built. Initially, the road had no asphalt surface. Poured concrete was used. From August 1960 to the beginning, the right of way of the Moscow Ring Road served as the administrative boundary of the city of Moscow. In December, the first station of the Moscow Metro outside the Moscow Ring Road was opened - "Dmitry Donskoy Boulevard".
MKAD near Strogino
Zero kilometer MKAD
Reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road
The reason for the rumors of theft was also the fact that information boards were not installed on the road in the quantity required.
Intersection with Yaroslavl highway
Trunk characteristics
The width of the Moscow Ring Road is 10 lanes; total length - 108.9 km. The mileage on the Moscow Ring Road is counted from the intersection with the Entuziastov Highway (there is the so-called “zero kilometer”) clockwise.
Despite the fact that the Moscow Ring Road is one of the most modern and has the largest capacity of roads in the region, it has long been unable to cope with the flow of vehicles. The so-called "traffic jams" are a daily occurrence on the Moscow Ring Road. The reasons for traffic jams are: insufficient capacity of exits from the Moscow Ring Road and the lack of special parking spaces for emergency vehicles; and in winter, in addition, slipping of trucks at the exits / entrances from / to the Moscow Ring Road.
Public transport
Currently, the routes of urban passenger transport of Moscow (bus) pass through different sections of the Moscow Ring Road. The list contains routes that have at least one official stop. Unless otherwise indicated, the route is operated by State Unitary Enterprise Mosgortrans.
- On the section of the Moscow Ring Road from the Entuziastov Highway to Ketcherskaya Street, there is a bus route No.;
- from Volgogradsky prospect to Verkhnie Polya street - No. 655;
- from Upper Fields street to the 16th km of the Moscow Ring Road - No. 54 and 655;
- from the 16th km to the Kashirskoye highway - No. 95 and 995;
- from Kashirskoye highway to Lipetskaya street - No. 37, 37e, 471;
- from Lipetskaya Street to Kulikovskaya Street - No. 37, 37e, 39 (Vidnoye), 40 (Vidnoye), 42 (Vidnoye);
- from Kulikovskaya street to the 37th km of the Moscow Ring Road (departure from Yasenev) - No. 37, 39 (Vidnoye), 40 (Vidnoye), 42 (Vidnoye), 101, 165, 202, 262, 710;
- from the exit from Yasenev to Profsoyuznaya street - No. 37, 37e, 39 (Vidnoye), 40 (Vidnoye), 42 (Vidnoye), 642;
- from Profsoyuznaya Street to Leninsky Prospekt - No. 642, 767, 781;
- from Leninsky Prospekt to Ozernaya Street - No. 767, 781, 816;
- from Ozernaya Street to Ryabinovaya Street - No. 779, 781, 816;
- from Ryabinovaya street to Troekurovsky passage - No. 816;
- from Troekurovsky passage to Skolkovo highway - No. 612 (only on the inner side of the Moscow Ring Road), 816;
- from Skolkovo highway to Molodogvardeiskaya street - No. 816;
- from Molodogvardeiskaya street to 3rd Cherepkovskaya street - No. 660 (only on the inner side of the Moscow Ring Road), 798, 816;
- from 3rd Cherepkovskaya street to Rublevsky highway - No. 798, 816;
- from Rublevsky highway to Lykovsky passage (Khoroshevsky prospect) - No. 626, 798;
- from Lykovsky passage to Myakininsky passage - No. 626 (only on the outer side of the Moscow Ring Road), 798;
- from Myakininsky passage to Marshal Katukov street - No. 631, 640, 736 (only on the outer side of the Moscow Ring Road);
- from Marshal Katukov street to Volokolamsk highway - No. 631, 640, 736;
- from Svoboda street to Leningradskoye highway - No. 173, 199, 472, 817;
- from Leningradskoye highway to Library street - No. 5, 32, 472 (All routes - Khimki / Dolgoprudny);
- from Dmitrovsky highway to Yaroslavl highway - No. 24-25 (Mytishchi), 136;
- from Shchelkovo highway to Enthusiasts highway - No. 133,.
Sections of the Moscow Ring Road from Ketcherskaya Street (4 km) to Volgogradsky Prospekt (10-11 km), from Volokolamskoye Highway (67-68 km) to Svoboda Street (73-74 km), from Leningradskoye Highway (75 km) to Dmitrovskoye Highway (81 -82 km), from Yaroslavskoye highway (94 km) to Shchelkovskoye highway (104 km) - routes of urban passenger transport in Moscow (bus) are not served. Although during the reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road (in the mid-1990s), it was supposed to organize bus traffic along all sections of the Moscow Ring Road.
Notes
Links
Moscow Ring Road (MKAD)
Moscow ring road
Spassky bridges on the Moscow Ring Road
Moscow Ring Road (MKAD)- ring roadpassing mainly (originally - completely) along the administrative border of Moscow.
Specifications
The total length is 108.9 km. Width - 10 lanes, 5 in each direction (4 main traffic lanes 3.75 m wide and the 5th continuous lane 4.5 m wide for acceleration, braking and forced stop). The average distance from the city center is 17.35 km.
The initial construction was carried out in accordance with NTU 128-55 according to the parameters of the first technical category:
- subgrade width - 24 m;
- lane width - 3.5 m;
- number of traffic lanes - 4 (2 each side);
- dividing strip width - 4 m;
- shoulder width - 3 m (on each side);
- dimension of bridges and overpasses - 21 m;
- height clearance under overpasses - 4.5 m.
The mileage on the Moscow Ring Road is counted from the intersection with the Entuziastov Highway (there is a "zero kilometer") clockwise.
In the General Plan for the Development of Moscow and the Moscow Region until 2010, a new classification was adopted for the Moscow Ring Road - the main main street of the 1st class, designed to pass mixed traffic. Traffic - continuous, speed limit - 100 km/h (calculated - 150 km/h), pedestrian traffic - at different levels.
Reconstruction
In the early 1990s, there were frequent accidents on the road, most of which were head-on collisions and collisions with pedestrians. Every year, more than 200 people died and more than 1,000 were injured on the Moscow Ring Road. The MKAD was popularly called the "road of death". The capacity of the route was almost completely exhausted; the speed of the flow of cars was 35-40 km/h, traffic jams occurred during peak hours. The need for reconstruction was obvious.
By decision of the Moscow Government, the reconstruction process included two stages. First of all, on the MKAD it was supposed to carry out measures to illuminate the route and install a barrier fence separating the directions of traffic.
The next stage of the reconstruction, which started in the spring of 1995, assumed the expansion of the roadbed of the route to 50 m and a corresponding increase in the number of lanes to five in each direction. To bring the road in line with international standards that exist for high-class highways in terms of technical solutions, safety and traffic maintenance, it was supposed to perform an enormous amount of work. In addition to the construction of new bridges, tunnels, overpasses, a whole range of measures to ensure safety and environmental protection, it was necessary to free the territories adjacent to the route, remove and relocate engineering structures and underground communications.
According to independent experts, the Moscow Ring Road reconstruction project "has few analogues in world practice in terms of its scale and complexity." The main complicating factors for the project are the use of old road structures, as well as additional work to move pipelines and other structures located nearby.
The reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road became the first significant transport project of the Moscow Government. In order to ensure stable financing of construction and, accordingly, timely and high-quality performance of work, the principle of budgeting was changed and a road fund was created.
The period originally set aside for reconstruction by a decree of the Government of Moscow was two times less than the normative one and amounted to 4 years. During this time, it was necessary, in the conditions of continuous operation of the existing route, to transform the morally and physically obsolete road into a European-class highway capable of providing high-speed and safe traffic with a high level of service, which was not like in Russia before. It was on the Moscow Ring Road that many promising technologies and engineering techniques were introduced.
During the reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road, it was planned to preserve the axis of the road with the existing reinforced concrete parapet-type fencing with lighting masts. The widening of the subgrade and the roadway was carried out on both sides of the existing axis, so the road plan and its longitudinal profile were largely preserved. A change in the layout of the route is planned at the locations of 3 new large bridges across the Moscow River near the village of Besedy (19th km) and near the village of Spas (68th km), as well as through the Moscow Canal (76th km); bypassing Vostryakovsky and Perlovsky cemeteries; passage along the Moscow Ring Road of the main oil pipeline and gas pipeline in the area of the Kuzminsky forest park.
Throughout the route, the subgrade was expanded to 50 m (20.2 million m²), 1,960 thousand m³ of crushed stone, 4,322 thousand m³ of lean concrete were laid, and a 10-lane pavement with a total area of about 8 million m² was laid, including 1.3 million m³ top layer.
The reconstruction included:
- 3,365 existing communications were rebuilt;
- 76 bridges and overpasses were built, including 6 large bridges across the Moscow River, the Moscow Canal, roads and railways;
- 53 pedestrian crossings were erected, including 49 overground and 4 underground;
- 11 transport and communication tunnels were built;
- 47 interchanges were built, including two 3-level interchanges - Leningradskaya and Gorkovskaya, as well as two 4-level interchanges - Yaroslavskaya and at the intersection with Novorizhskoye Highway (the latter was introduced later, in 2011);
- 115 culverts were reconstructed;
- erected 26 traffic police posts with bulletproof glazing, equipped with modern computer equipment;
- 4 bases of road maintenance sections and the Mosgorsvet base were built;
- 11.6 km of noise protection and 6.8 km of decorative fences were installed;
- 270,000 m of side stone were laid and 350,000 m of barrier fencing were installed;
- strengthened by grass planting 300 hectares of slopes of the subgrade and adjacent territories;
- 82 treatment facilities were built;
- 7 meteorological support posts were created;
- banks of 76 water streams were equipped with gabion fortifications;
- installed 4,088 static and 90 electronic traffic signs, 18 information boards, 21 outdoor surveillance cameras and 34 speed violation recording devices;
- 49 pairs of bus stops were built.
During the reconstruction, a ring communication system (KSS MKAD) was also created on the basis of a fiber-optic cable laid in the structures of the dividing strip of the road. The main task of the KSS MKAD is to control and manage the outdoor lighting of the road.
- the practice of insurance of construction and installation works and post-warranty obligations was introduced;
- a system of operational quality management of construction and scientific support of design and construction work was applied; the work of Russian contractors began to be evaluated according to international quality standards ISO 9000;
- in urban transport construction, issues of safety and environmental protection were comprehensively and effectively resolved: all trees cut down during the work were restored, and new plantings were specially treated to be resistant to exhaust gases and anti-icing agents; special tunnels were also built for the unimpeded crossing of the Moscow Ring Road by wild animals.
The reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road stimulated the development of infrastructure in the adjacent sections: gas stations, shops, cafes, etc. appeared in large numbers along the new road.
In 2011, the Moscow authorities announced the preparation of the next complete reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road. It is planned to remake transport interchanges, build alternates of the Moscow Ring Road (including on the site of ground power lines), build next to the ring road
Thursday, September 7, 2017
MKAD is a magical abbreviation known to almost every inhabitant of Russia. Although the borders of Moscow have long spilled out far beyond the Moscow Ring Road, the inhabitants of the city still divide themselves into Muscovites and "castles". The Moscow Ring Road to this day remains the psychological boundary of the city, the alpha and omega, where Moscow begins and where it ends.
Of course, this was far from always the case, and the Moscow Ring Road itself relatively recently celebrated its half-century anniversary.
Since it all began, how the road developed in different years and how it is being reconstructed now —>
MKAD prototype
The idea of building a bypass ring road around the entire city, far beyond its borders, was born before the war. In 1937, the issue began to be worked out, in 1939 the future route (not always coinciding with the current MKAD) was put on the ground, and in 1940 work was completed on the design assignment for the construction of a new highway, but the outbreak of war canceled these plans.
In 1941, a ring road was built in an emergency order, using the existing roads to the maximum. It did not coincide with the Moscow Ring Road and was originally laid as a temporary one for the rapid deployment of troops. This road largely contributed to the successful counter-offensive near Moscow.
On the frame of the chronicle above, you can presumably see just this road. I can't say for sure, but it looked something like this.
The birth of the Moscow Ring Road
The first kilometers of a new and at that time very modern road, four-lane, with a hard asphalt surface, began to be built in 1956 in the area of the Yaroslavl highway.
Construction of the Moscow Ring Road in the late 1950s
The first section 48 km long from Yaroslavl to Simferopol highway was opened on November 22, 1960, and the ring was finally closed on November 5, 1962.
There was no lighting, rigid separators, and even markings on the Moscow Ring Road at that time. But at the same time, in a country where most of the roads were unpaved, a new paved highway was perceived as something from the future.
To match the new highway, there were also futuristic-looking bus stops:
By the way, it was in 1960, as can be seen in the diagram on the stop wall, that the borders of Moscow were officially extended to the Moscow Ring Road, despite the fact that at that time in some places it was many kilometers away from the actual areas of the city. The town of Babushkin near Moscow, the villages of Cheryomushki, Krylatskoye, Maryino and many others officially became districts of the city.
MKAD for at least another ten years was perceived as a suburban bypass highway
Moscow Ring Road near the intersection with Rublevsky highway, mid-1960s
Interchange between Rublyovka and the Moscow Ring Road in the 1960s
Roadside of the Moscow Ring Road in 1967. Please note: there were no markings, but the roadsides were lined with relief slabs so that falling asleep drivers deviating from the trajectory would immediately wake up.
The famous chase scenes in the film Beware of the Car (1966) were filmed on the newly built MKAD.
Here is the Moscow Ring Road itself without markings, and a gas station, and many other interesting details. We especially recommend watching from the 6th minute. Traffic along the Moscow Ring Road was completely relaxed at that time, and for the filming of the film it was not even necessary to block the road.
Even in the 1970s, traffic along the Moscow Ring Road was calm:
Please note that despite the large width of the road, cars quietly drive one after another.
Now around this place there is a huge interchange on the M-11
And in this photo from the mid-1970s, the cars made a stop at the site of the future Crocus Expo parking lot.
ZIL imposingly leaves for the Moscow Ring Road from Volgogradsky Prospekt, 1970
A separate pride of Moscow was the two-level interchanges "clover":
In the cartoon “Well, you wait!”, Issue 3, 1971, at a similar denouement, the wolf tries to catch his motorcycle for a long time and unsuccessfully:
In the 1980s The Moscow Ring Road has not changed much, it was still a four-lane road with a small lawn separator:
True, by that time the number of cars in the country and the city had increased dramatically, and the Moscow Ring Road without separators, fences and lights was often called the "road of death"
Moscow Ring Road before the exit to Mozhayskoye Highway in the early 1980s
Similar signs stood on the Moscow Ring Road until the mid-1990s
In the post-Soviet era, there were several times more cars and the highway could no longer cope with the flow. In the mid-1990s, all 109 km of the Moscow Ring Road underwent reconstruction
Reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road, 1997.
In terms of scale, this reconstruction was comparable only to the construction of the road in the early 1960s: separators appeared, but, most importantly, the number of lanes increased to 10.
Now the weakest point of the Moscow Ring Road is obsolete junctions with narrow ramps along a ten-lane road, which were reconstructed only in the 2010s
In 2011, a program for the reconstruction of 11 interchanges was adopted. Let's look only at the most grandiose and interesting of the recently reconstructed:
Volgograd Prospect
Dmitrov highway
Mozhayskoe highway
Kashirskoe highway
This week, on September 6, traffic was opened at a new interchange at the intersection with Profsoyuznaya Street:
Work on this complex section began in 2015.
It is hard to imagine in the early 1960s it looked like this:
There was a highway outside the city, and now a highway around the metropolis
There will be much less traditional traffic jams at Profsoyuznaya.
The Moscow Ring Road is intensively developing even today, the city is growing, and the expression “Moscow ends beyond the Moscow Ring Road” in our time began to sound something like “Moscow ends behind the Garden Ring” a hundred years ago. The center becomes pedestrian, and roads for cars on the outskirts.
As known, Moscow - the city-lord of the rings. Today, within the city there are Boulevard, Sadovoe, Third Ring and the Moscow Ring Road, which is actually the border of the city (with rare exceptions).
It is the Moscow Ring Road, as one of the most notable, that I decided to dedicate my next post to. Under the cut:
History of Moscow Ring Road
Myths roundabout
Trunk characteristics
Central Ring Road project in the Moscow region
Third transport ring
Fourth transport ring
Scheme for comparison: The largest ring roads in Russia and the CIS
Useful articles on the topic of the Moscow Ring Road
A bunch of photos of the highway
Humor on the topic
History of Moscow Ring Road
By the beginning of the 70s. the road, originally designed for the passage of 36 thousand vehicles per day, ceased to satisfy normal operating conditions. In 1974, a decision was made to reconstruct the Moscow Ring Road in order to increase its throughput to 50,000 vehicles per day. In 1974-77, work was carried out on the section between the Entuziastov Highway and Volgogradsky Prospekt. The carriageway was widened for three-lane traffic in each direction, and additional pedestrian crossings were built.
MKAD as it is
The passage of cars was limited by the lack of lighting, a reliable dividing wall, which did not meet the requirements for the operation of roads of this class. The speed of movement along the Moscow Ring Road did not exceed 40-45 km / h. In the early 1990s the Moscow government developed a program for the reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road. In 1995, the entire length of the road was illuminated. More than 11,000 lamps on metal supports were installed along the ring and at transport interchanges. During the reconstruction, the subgrade was expanded to 50 m, the carriageway - up to 30 m, the dividing strip - up to 5 m. A solid reinforced concrete wall with lighting devices was installed in the middle of the road on the dividing strip. New pedestrian crossings were built, including above the road in corridors with transparent walls; the total number of crossings after reconstruction is 77. The expansion of the carriageway and the re-equipment of transport interchanges make it possible to organize four-lane traffic in both directions.
The State traffic inspectorate posts were re-equipped with electronic equipment. As a result of the reconstruction, the speed on the Moscow Ring Road increased to 75 km/h. By 2001, the work is almost completed.
Unprecedented picture - Empty Moscow Ring Road
Myths of the Moscow Ring Road
There is a legend among Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region that “Luzhkov stole twenty centimeters of the Moscow Ring Road”: allegedly, when the road was widened, its asphalt roadsides were made 10 cm narrower on each side than it was supposed according to the plan, in accordance with which the estimate was drawn up, which allowed save a significant amount of money allegedly embezzled by Luzhkov. In fact, this figure was announced by the Deputy Head of the Investigative Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Major General Mikhail Zotov, in connection with the initiation of a criminal case on embezzlement of funds during the construction of the Moscow Ring Road. According to preliminary data, from 1992 to 1997, 256 billion rubles were stolen. (non-denominated), which corresponds to the narrowing of the canvas on both sides by 10 cm.
In the transition of the Moscow Ring Road (Photo g_d_m_f_s_o_b )
Trunk characteristics
The width of the Moscow Ring Road is 10 lanes; total length - 108.9 km. The mileage on the Moscow Ring Road is counted from the intersection with the Entuziastov Highway (there is the so-called “zero kilometer”) clockwise.
Despite the fact that the Moscow Ring Road is one of the most modern and has the largest capacity of roads in the region, it has long been unable to cope with the flow of vehicles. The so-called "traffic jams" are a daily occurrence on the Moscow Ring Road. The traffic jams are caused by the insufficient capacity of exits from the Moscow Ring Road and the lack of special parking spaces for emergency vehicles.
It is assumed that unloading the MKAD will help
Central Ring Road in the Moscow Region (TsKAD)
According to the project, the new route will be based on two existing special-purpose automobile rings: the Moscow Small Ring and the Moscow Big Ring (the so-called "concrete"), on sections of the M-1 "Belarus" highways (Moscow - Minsk, 41.4 km) and M-10 "Russia" (Moscow - St. Petersburg, 38.6 km long).
The total length of the Central Ring Road will be 520 km. The planned number of lanes is from 4 to 8 in each direction. It is planned to build 72 road junctions and 19 railway crossings. The maximum permitted speed is 150 km/h. The construction of the road is planned to be completed in 2012.
Map-scheme of the Central Ring Road
The main task of the new route is to unload Moscow and the Moscow Ring Road from transit traffic. The Moscow Region authorities are already preparing to buy out land plots for the future ring highway. However, according to experts, the process of buying out land under the Central Ring Road may drag on indefinitely. In case of disagreement, the owner of the confiscated site can start a lawsuit, and economic disputes in Russian courts, according to experts, are usually considered "slowly."
True, the timing of the construction of a new highway will depend not only on the rate of purchase of land. According to representatives of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Roads of Russia", even the concept of an investment project for the construction of the Central Ring Road is not yet ready. Currently, employees of the unitary enterprise are busy studying the documentation prepared by foreign expert companies, and only after that the concept will be finalized and sent to the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.
Interchange of Moscow Ring Road
The road on high-speed sections was laid taking into account the technical requirements for the construction of a high-speed highway with an estimated speed of 140 km/h. On various sections of the road, from 4 to 8 traffic lanes are provided, depending on the traffic intensity.
The exits from the Central Ring Road and entrances to it will be carried out only through 34 multi-level interchanges. The Central Ring Road also provides for the construction of 95 overpasses at intersections with railways and territorial roads. Crossings with rivers, streams and watercourses in order to ensure the connectivity of natural ecological territories are provided with the use of 56 bridge structures.
For pedestrians, it is planned to build 22 underground and overground pedestrian crossings. It is planned to develop the largest logistics centers in the most important rail and road routes. In total, 2.5 thousand hectares have been reserved for the development of logistics centers. 4.2 thousand hectares have been reserved for the development of production and production and storage zones, for the construction of technology parks and business centers. Comprehensive development of territories associated with the placement of industrial and industrial-warehouse facilities also provides for the reservation of more than 4 thousand hectares of territories for high-rise and low-rise housing construction.
Map-scheme of the Central Ring Road
Third Transport Ring (TTK)
The highway in the city of Moscow, with a total length of about 36 kilometers, of which about 19 kilometers are flyovers, about 5 kilometers are tunnels. The width of the road in the main sections is at least 8 lanes. There are 17 interchanges on the third transport ring. There are no surface pedestrian crossings and intersections with other roads at the same level, which allows for continuous traffic throughout the entire length of the highway.
The TTK is one of the three ring roads of the city of Moscow, along with the Garden Ring and the Moscow Ring Road. It crosses the Moscow River four times, in the southern part runs parallel to the Small Ring of the Moscow Railway, contains three tunnels - the Lefortovsky tunnel, the Kutuzovsky tunnel and the Gagarinsky tunnel. Most of the third transport ring was built in the late 1990s - early 2000s, however, the ring includes separate sections built during the Soviet era and subsequently reconstructed.
Third ring. Photo (taken on the way to work)
Fourth transport ring
Work on the construction of the Fourth Transport Ring and the northern and southern rockades in Moscow is in full swing. The city authorities hope that the appearance of these new highways will significantly improve the traffic situation in the city.
The length of the Fourth Ring will be 74 km. Most of the route will pass through overpasses and deep tunnels, which do not yet exist. At the moment, according to Rostislav Gorbanev, deputy director of the NIiPI General Plan, work is underway on the section from Izmailovsky Prospekt to Entuziastov Highway, where traffic will pass along the flyover. The next stage will be the construction of a section of the highway from Izmailovsky Prospekt to Otkrytoye Highway, and then they will start building part of the highway from Entuziastov Highway to Volgogradsky Prospekt and, at the same time, a deep tunnel in the south. The next stage is the section from Otkrytoye to Leningradskoe shosse, and the last one is from Leningradskoe shosse to Bolshaya Filevskaya street.
Gorbanev added that the tunnels will be laid both with the "old" shield with a diameter of 16 meters, which was already dug by the Lefortovo and Serebryanoborsky tunnels, and with the new one, whose diameter is about 19 meters. This, he said, is enough to ensure normal four-lane traffic in the tunnels. In the near future, the "old" shield is scheduled to go through three priority tunnel sections: in the area of the Kantemirovskaya metro station, in the area of the VDNKh metro station, and the longest - in the area of Preobrazhenskaya and Semenovskaya squares.
According to the NIiPI of the General Plan, the authorities hope that by 2015 the new highway will be completely ready.
Moscow Ring Road in bad weather
The largest ring roads in Russia and the CIS
| Full name | Reduction | Length, km |
|---|---|---|
| Moscow Big Ring | MBC | 550 |
| Central ring road (project) | Central Ring Road | 442 |
| Moscow Small Ring | MMK | 320 |
| Big ring road around Kiev | 213 | |
| Bypass of the city of Chelyabinsk | 139 (96 built) | |