Septic tank for high groundwater. Septic tank for high groundwater septic tank for soil with high groundwater level

Septic tanks for summer cottages high level groundwater- we decide on the choice

One of the factors affecting the choice of a septic tank and the features of its installation is such a geological characteristic of the site as the level of groundwater. In many territories of Russia, this mark passes less than a meter from the surface of the earth, which complicates the equipment local sewerage or renders it unusable.

What are the difficulties associated with a high GWL?

Problems with a nearby primer can arise both during the installation phase and during the operation of the disposal system. Wastewater.

1. Almost 90% of the installation of a septic tank is associated with digging and preparing a pit, as well as backfilling. Working while standing in water is quite difficult and uncomfortable.

2. Difficulties arise with the arrangement of additional soil purification. The way out is to build a filter layer above the ground. However, such designs will not work without the use of forced pumping of wastewater from a septic tank.

3. With a high ground level, it is difficult to install concrete rings, which are one of the most common materials for arranging local sewerage systems. Prefabricated concrete septic tanks often lose their tightness, and in high primer conditions this will not only lead to pollution environment, but also to the seepage of groundwater into the reservoir. As a result, you will have to call a sewage machine more often to empty the drive, or the process of settling in a septic tank that cleans the drains will be disrupted.

Note! Do not underestimate the flooding of the septic tank, as water, along with wastewater, will eventually be forced back into external pipeline and even an internal sewerage system.

4. Plastic containers are lightweight, so they can float under the influence of groundwater. This often leads to a rupture of the sewer line. Ascent prevention - installation of the container on a concrete base and fastening to it.

To avoid the appearance of difficulties, to reduce them, or at least to mentally prepare for them, it is necessary to find out in advance at what depth the groundwater passes, and then install it.

How to determine the level of passage of the primer?

The maximum soil moisture occurs during the period of autumn rains or melting snow. For this reason, it is worth finding out the depth of the primer in spring or autumn. In most cases, exploration is carried out even at the stage of building a house, but you can do this after the house is inhabited.

There are several methods.

The easiest way is to look into the well, which is located on the site and feeds on groundwater. The distance to the water surface from the surface of the earth is the desired depth.
Vegetation can be appreciated. If moisture-loving representatives of the flora grow on the site, for example, horsetail, alder, this is an indicator of the water content of the soil.
Most exact method- drilling of several observation wells with a minimum depth of 150 cm.
You can also interview your neighbors.

It is recommended to resort to several methods, which will increase the accuracy of the determination. If exploration has shown that the waters rise close to the surface of the earth at least seasonally, then several rules must be followed to equip a waste disposal station.

Features of the construction of a local sewerage system with a high GWL

The most simple option arrangement of the waste disposal system is the installation of a storage device that is not buried in the ground, which will additionally save energy, time and materials. But such a tank will take up a lot of precious space and is only suitable for small country houses, in which no more than 3 people live and some sanitary equipment is installed. Otherwise, you can go broke on calls to the sewer truck.

For large houses, the drive is not suitable, therefore, you will need to install it with a soil post-treatment or a waste biological treatment station.

The arrangement of such systems on watered soil has its own characteristics at each of the stages:

First you need to decide on the material. It is not recommended to build a collecting tank, consisting of, for example, concrete rings, since the seams are prone to loss of tightness. It is best to use plastic containers.

Plastic septic tank

You can buy both ready-made tanks and use, for example, used European cubes.

A number of straps must be observed when organizing the evacuation of drains from a septic tank.

Often the presence of such large list rules and subtleties when installing a septic tank in areas with high groundwater levels forces the owners to abandon self-installation by contacting professionals. This is the right decision that can save you from unnecessary expenses and work. So, if the septic tank has already surfaced, you will have to pump out the drains from it, dismantle, flush the tank and re-install.

Prices for septic tank Topas

septic tank Topas

DKS septic tanks for soils with high GWL

Topas - septic tank with aerobic cleaning

The high level of groundwater is a stumbling block for many owners of suburban areas. It complicates not only the process of erecting buildings, but also the arrangement of an autonomous sewage system. After all, the treated wastewater will not be able to leave the septic tank into the already moisture-saturated soil. Consider which version of a septic tank for groundwater is better to choose in order to permanently solve the problem, and how to build a treatment structure with your own hands.

A site in a swampy area makes its own adjustments when arranging a septic tank for autonomous sewage

When arranging a septic tank in an area with high groundwater, the owners face the following problems:

Labor intensity of installation. Regardless of the type of treatment structure chosen, its installation takes a lot of time and effort.
Sump float. In case of non-observance of the installation technology with mandatory step Arrangement of a concrete "cushion" and improper fastening of the tank with cables and belts, it is not uncommon for groundwater flows to push the septic tank out of the ground, thereby violating the integrity of the sewer structure.
Water seepage. Such a fate befell septic tanks, in which not enough attention was paid to waterproofing. In this case, you have to resort to the services of sewers much more often.
Groundwater pollution. Through the bottom and walls of leaking structures, sewage seeps into the soil, polluting groundwater and making it unusable.

Important! Required condition when arranging a septic tank for groundwater - the tightness of the structure. Otherwise, you risk not only the contents of your wallet, but the health of your loved ones.

The easiest way to determine the groundwater level of an area is to ask neighbors what the situation is on their sites.

Measuring water in a nearby well will help to finally clarify the situation.

Measurement of the groundwater level is performed in the off-season, when snow melts or in the period after prolonged rains. To do this, using a garden drill, several holes are drilled in the area. The calculation takes into account the distance from the surface of the earth to the "surface" of groundwater.

Solutions to the problem

Structures made of bricks or concrete rings are not capable of providing the required tightness. Therefore, such options should be rejected even at the design stage of the structure.

Industrial septic tanks

The range of storage tanks on the market for the arrangement of autonomous sewage systems is quite wide, starting from compact containers for small country houses and ending with multi-chamber installations for large modern cottages... The choice is limited only by the needs of the customer.

The easiest option for arranging a septic tank for a high groundwater level is to install an industrial tank

For example, a three-chamber septic tank is a container made of plastic, divided into three chambers: the first acts as a sump, the second and third ones carry out additional wastewater treatment. The function of filter wells, which ensure the rapid absorption of the cleaned liquid into the soil, is performed by infiltrators.

Attention! When determining the required volume of the reservoir, they are guided by the fact that it should contain a three-day "dose" of water consumption by all households.

On average, the daily consumption of water for a family of three for household and hygiene needs is 600 liters. Therefore, the volume of the storage tank of the autonomous sewage system should be 600 liters x 3 days = 1.8 cubic meters. Experts recommend adding another 20% to the resulting value in reserve.

In addition to the final tank, a filter well can be included in the sewer structure.

The filter well is a separately located reservoir through the walls and bottom of which the purified liquid enters the soil

The only drawback of industrial septic tanks is their high cost. With a limited budget, many owners solve the problem by arranging a septic tank from eurocubes and plastic containers.

Plastic Eurocubes

Owners summer cottages, intended for seasonal stays, solve the problem by installing storage tanks. The use of a plastic eurocube allows you to save not only on the cost of equipment, but also on its installation. Ground installation is also possible, but in this case, the storage tank will take up a lot of space on the site. And to pump out the contents, you will have to regularly resort to the services of a sewer.

Three cube euro cube with rare visits to the summer cottage is more than enough for one season

A septic tank, built with your own hands from eurocubes, works on the principle of tightness. All the chambers of the device, except for the final one, do not let either drainage outside or groundwater inside the tanks. As the sealed tank is filled, it is pumped out, using special equipment for this.

Monolithic concrete structures

If industrial solutions to the problem, for a number of reasons, do not suit you, you can resort to the option of arranging monolithic iron concrete structure... It includes three compartments. The first is a sealed tank in which solid waste and light suspensions are mechanically separated. From it, the liquid enters the second sealed container, where it is freed from organic compounds by anaerobic fermentation. Getting into the third section, the liquid is finally filtered and clarified. At the final stage, submersible pump, which lifts the treated wastewater into the infiltration tunnel. From it, the liquid is discharged into the soil.

The absence of seams in the concrete structure guarantees the tightness of the autonomous sewage system

The main difference between such a septic tank from the traditional version of a treatment plant is infiltration tunnels. They are placed directly above the groundwater level, and thanks to the laws of physics, the purified liquid is simply "drawn" from the well to the "subway".

The diameter of such tunnels is only 150 mm, so that they can be safely placed in the arrangement of sewage systems, even if there is a high occurrence of groundwater. But when arranging shallow infiltration tunnels to prevent freezing and ensure the smooth operation of the structure, it is important to provide for the thermal insulation of the structure. For this, a small earthen mound is poured over the underground structure.

The slide simultaneously performs two tasks: it acts as a heater and hides the tunnel from prying eyes. To make the embankment more presentable, it is often designed as a rockery or rock garden.

Treatment plant construction technology

To build a septic tank, you will need the following materials and tools:

concrete grade B15 and higher;
crushed stone and river sand;
superplasticizer;
reinforcing rods D 10 mm;
infiltration element;
sheets of slate or corrugated board;
pipes with a diameter of 100-150 mm;
waterproofing film;
boards for the construction of formwork;
metal corners for overlap;
container for mixing the solution.

The volume of materials for cement mortar is calculated on the basis that 400 kg of cement, 600 kg of sand, 1200 kg of crushed stone and 200 liters of water are required for 1 cubic meter of the finished mixture. To increase the waterproofing properties of concrete, it is advisable to supplement the solution with a hydrophobic additive.

The connection of the infiltration tunnels with the septic tank is carried out by means of a submersible pump. The supplied float mechanism that reacts to the liquid level will shut off and start the pump as the well is emptied and filled.

Digging a pit

Having decided on the dimensions of the sewer wells, they begin excavation work. Digging a pit can be done by hand or use the means of small-scale mechanization.

Advice: to simplify your task, it is better to choose a dry period for construction, when the groundwater level is not so high.

Pulling out the pit to the required depth, leveling and cleaning the walls

You can make one large pit, inside which all will fit sewer wells, or dig two separate holes, placing them at a distance of 2 meters from each other.

Erection of the base and walls

Before proceeding with the construction of walls, the excavation is waterproofed. To do this, the walls of the dug hole are covered with a dense film, placing the cuts of the material so that its edges protrude 20-30 cm above the sides of the pit.

When erecting a concrete septic tank, the thickness of the walls of the tanks should be 20 cm, and the thickness of the inner walls between the chambers should be 15 cm

The construction of a reinforced concrete septic tank is performed in the following sequence:

The bottom of the pit is covered with sand, forming a layer 30 cm thick.
A mesh is laid out of reinforcing rods, the size of the sections of which is 20x20 cm.
The reinforced bottom is poured with concrete so that the mortar covers the mesh by 3-5 cm.
After 15-20 days, when the concrete acquires the necessary strength, they begin to reinforce the walls.
"Sliding" formwork is assembled from the edged boards. The solution is poured in layers, each time forming a wall 40-50 cm high. When the cement hardens, the formwork is shifted higher and the procedure is repeated.
When the upper level of the walls has hardened, the formwork is removed and the walls are inspected. If small cracks are found, they must be covered.
Depending on the number of tanks, one or two partitions are erected. They are erected by arranging double-sided formwork, followed by filling the cavities cement mortar.
Floor arrangement. Metal corners are laid out on the walls of the structure, on top of which a plank floor is laid. When laying the boards, be sure to leave a hole for the installation of the inspection hatch and ventilation pipes. The future slab is reinforced with metal rods and poured with mortar.

Attention! When building a two-chamber septic tank, the size of the first tank should be 75% of the total volume. When erecting a three-chamber model, the tanks are divided so that the first chamber occupies half of the total volume, and the second and third compartments - 25%.

If you plan to install a ready-made branded septic tank, you need to take care of securing the tank. For this, the bottom of the pit is concreted, constructing a monolithic cushion to fix the structure.

The tank is fixed to the concrete screed by means of a cable and belts

The concrete screed will not only act as a support for fixing the tank, but also minimize the risk of soil subsidence under the weight of the filled cube.

Assembling the structure

When installing a septic tank from sealed containers, holes are made in the walls of the cubes for pipes. The height of the holes is determined on the basis that the effluents freed from heavy particles from the first section through the connecting pipe enter the second chamber. The hole for the pipe in the first chamber is placed at a height of half a meter from the bottom of the tank, in the second - at a level of 15-20 cm. A pump with a float switch is installed in the third compartment, which acts as a filtering unit.

Important! The inner walls of the overflow holes installed between the chambers must be treated with a coating waterproofing.

Both chambers are equipped with ventilation pipes, upper ends which rise above the ground at a height of 1.5-2 meters

The ventilation pipe in the first chamber should be located 10-15 cm higher than the connecting pipe. This solution allows using the ventilation hole not only for removing harmful vapors, but also for pumping out sewage with special equipment. In the second chamber, the ventilation pipe is buried so that its lower edge is 10-15 cm above the drainage pipes.

After assembling the structure and checking the connecting elements, it remains only to finally fix the container. To protect the cubes from soil pressure on them, the walls of tanks with outside lined with sheets of slate or corrugated board. The voids between the walls of the pit are filled with earth and tamped.

Important! Please note that plastic is sensitive to low temperatures... When operating a septic tank in a cold, harsh climate, it is necessary to provide thermal insulation.

Infiltration tunnel construction

The construction of the infiltration tunnel is underway. For its arrangement, next to the wells, an additional pit is dug half a meter deep. Having laid the infiltration cassette in it, sprinkle the structure with gravel and sand.

The infiltration cassette is an elongated plastic container, the walls of which have the smallest holes.

Through the holes in the walls of the infiltrated tunnel, liquid seeps into the soil

Advice: if the groundwater is located very close to the surface, the bottom of the pit must first be covered with a layer of sand, then a crushed stone “pillow” 20-30 cm thick should be built and only after that the infiltration cassette should be laid. Such a three-layer structure can only be covered with earth, having built a small mound.

Recommendations for the construction of a septic tank for high groundwater

When arranging a treatment plant, it is necessary to ensure the natural movement of wastewater through the pipeline. To do this, it is imperative to maintain the overflow height and the slope of the pipeline towards the final chamber. Alternatively: the second tank is installed 25-40 cm lower than the first.

To connect the septic tank with the infiltration compartment, a submersible pump is installed in the last compartment. To connect the pump, it is necessary to consider in advance the mechanism for attaching the device and provide for the laying of electrical wiring.

In case of unforeseen situations in which there is a high probability of overflowing the well, experienced owners recommend installing not one pump, but two. In this case, the floats of the devices are set at different levels so that in case of failure of the first pump, the second is automatically started.

Video: how septic tanks and VOCs behave in conditions of high groundwater

With strict adherence to the installation technology, you will receive a septic tank that will regularly serve for more than a decade, even in areas with moisture-saturated soils. Consultation of specialists will help to avoid mistakes.

When soil waters are located at a depth of about a meter from the surface of the earth, this does not allow the placement of ordinary treatment facilities, and septic tanks are required for high ground waters. To determine the depth, it is enough to check the site with a garden drill. It is advisable to do this in 3-4 places. After this, you will need to select a suitable cleaning system.

When groundwater comes close to the surface, and sometimes its occurrence can be located even at a distance of 30 cm or less, many homeowners have no idea how to properly install treatment equipment on the site and what it should be.

Features of the installation of the structure:

The septic tank must be mounted on an absolutely flat surface;
It is considered mandatory to install the system on a concrete cushion and secure it securely with cables, ropes or belts, otherwise it may float and be damaged;
The body of the equipment must be firmly sealed, especially for devices made of concrete rings - this way you can avoid water seepage;
Also, poor tightness of the installation can lead to flooding of the model and contamination of soil water with waste from sewer pipes.

Measurement of the level of high groundwater should be done after spring floods or in autumn, when the rains end.

V Middle lane the problem of GWL applies to many territories and areas of the suburban sector, so you will need to choose high-quality equipment for cleaning the sewage system.

How to choose a summer cottage sewage system with a high level of groundwater

Of course, you can use homemade fixtures made of concrete, brick and other materials, but this approach is unlikely to ensure the complete tightness of the structure.

This further threatens to cause serious problems associated with the poisoning of groundwater by waste and flooding of the equipment case.

It is better to choose the optimal modification corresponding to the position. Special septic tanks are well adapted to the swampy area, designed to work with GWL.

You can solve this issue in the following way:

For a summer residence or a private house, you can choose a small model of industrial production, the rating of such modifications is very high.
You can design your own modification from eurocubes - special containers with a plastic container inside.
Dacha sewerage in an area with a high groundwater level necessarily provides for the installation of a heavy concrete cushion with iron elements for a septic tank. It is even better to make a concrete well without seams, which will provide protection against the ingress of sewage into the ground.

For a well, you will need to dig a pit, install formwork, reinforcement and pour concrete.

Construction stages: how to make a septic tank if the groundwater is close

A high level of soil water is not an obstacle to the construction of a sewerage system.

When self-erecting a sewage treatment plant, the most important is:

Absolute body tightness;
For the strength and weight of the structure, you will need to make a reinforced concrete pillow at the base;
The freezing point of the soil must be taken into account.

Filtration and storage chambers are made of metal or plastic cubes, concrete rings.

Work order:

The location is determined - the sewer should be located 5 meters from the housing;
A pit is being dug, the walls of which are reinforced with any wood material;
A layer of waterproofing is placed at the bottom and a concrete solution is poured;
After drying, another layer of waterproofing is laid, on which a septic tank is placed, while groundwater should be pumped out;
Next, a ventilation pipe is collected, which is necessary to remove methane;
The structure must be buried;
The equipment cover is erected, equipped with ventilation.

The structure will be reliable with maximum stability. This point needs to be given special attention.

Advantages of a concrete septic tank with a high level of groundwater

Pat UGV often forces you to look for optimal solutions for the construction of an autonomous sewage system in a private house. Unlike such materials for the body of a septic plant as metal, plastic, reinforced concrete rings, monolithic concrete is more practical, since it allows you to build equipment of any size.

The main advantages concrete well is an:

The material is not subject to corrosion, decay, calmly tolerates critical temperatures, is not afraid of small animals and insects;
The seamless design is ideally sealed and does not allow contamination to penetrate into the groundwater;
A concrete septic tank is the best because it is heavy, it is excluded from floating up.

Concrete is the most cheap stuff, in this regard, construction will not require large monetary investments, which is also important.

Septic tanks for high groundwater (video)

In the countryside, especially if there is no central sewage system, the presence of aeration septic tanks is simply necessary. If a summer cottage or the territory of a private house is located in a swamp, this is not a reason to be upset. A home-made concrete septic tank or high-quality factory equipment for sewage treatment will help to provide housing with normal operation of an autonomous sewage system, and cleanliness, order and comfort will reign in the house for a long time.

The selection of septic tanks for a summer residence or a private house is an important household task. The installation should serve for a long time, doing well with its function. Let us analyze which option is better if the groundwater is at a high level. Features of the installation of ready-made structures and options for the device of septic tanks using various materials in complicated geological conditions.

Small treatment plants for private households or summer cottages differ in a number of parameters, they are divided into the following types:

accumulative;
models requiring filtering field devices;
aerobic, with the possibility of purification up to 98%.

The process of installing a septic tank in a suburban area

Industrial septic tanks are capable of filtering wastewater so efficiently that industrial water is obtained at the outlet without the need for additional post-treatment. The operation of such installations will require a power connection, since they are equipped with air compressors. Their price is quite high, but such spending cannot be called unreasonable.

Septic tanks "Tank" with a deep biological treatment system have earned positive feedback from the owners. The installation is characterized as unpretentious, does not require intervention in the work.

Accumulative septic tanks are a reservoir made of material resistant to biologically active substances. From time to time you will have to resort to forced pumping.

The design has a number of advantages, these are:

ease of installation;
durability;
safety for the environment.

Scheme of a septic tank with a filtration field

Septic tanks suggesting filter fields, have a multi-chamber device, purify wastewater by about 75%. For its additional treatment, a drainage system is arranged from pipelines with special holes. Water flows through them onto a crushed stone and sand pillow. The system is based on the ability of the soil to self-cleaning. Such septic tanks will not require pumping. But for the device of filtration fields and calculation of their area, you need to take into account many points, for example:

the depth of freezing of the earth;
tank volume.
soil composition.

According to the recommendations of specialists, it is impossible to organize such drainage system additional treatment, if the distance between groundwater and pipes is less than 1 m. Therefore, in areas with a complicated geological picture, it is necessary to resort to the services of professionals.

Important! Rules cannot be disregarded and technical advice when installing any septic tank on your site. Sewage water can pollute groundwater in a short time. Domestic negligence can lead to a local environmental disaster.

Septic tank body materials

For the production of septic tanks and their independent design, they are mainly used:

Concrete rings.
Metal.
Different types of plastic.
Monolithic concrete.
Brick.

Modern industrial septic tanks are made made of plastic... The tanks are equipped with stiffening ribs, the material is highly resistant to a biologically aggressive environment. The penetration of liquid from such reservoirs into the environment is practically excluded.

Plastic septic tank

The construction of Astra-3 polypropylene, used mainly for country houses, has earned flattering reviews from the owners. It is characterized by its owners as an installation that provides urban comfort in the field. Consumers write that service is required once a year.

With proper installation plastic septic tank suitable for areas with close groundwater occurrence. But for such an area, it is better to avoid structures made of concrete rings or bricks. The prefabricated material cannot provide the required sealing. What threatens the ingress of liquid from the septic tank into the soil and the flow of melt or groundwater inside. This is fraught with disruption to the ecosystem and pumping out content too often.

Septic Astra 3

Monolithic device concrete septic tank is fraught with a number of difficulties. You will need reinforcement, a solid foundation, formwork, cement mixture. The technology is complex, time consuming and financially costly. But on the other hand, tightness is ensured, the design is very durable.

Metal containers for the independent device of septic tanks are used quite often. These can be barrels or cisterns. It is recommended to treat them with anti-corrosion agents both outside and inside. The advantages of septic tanks from metal tanks are the relative ease of installation, relatively low weight. Cons: short lifespan and limited volume.

Determination of the height of the groundwater

The most comprehensive information on this issue will be provided by geological surveys carried out at the site. It is worth ordering such a service if others are being conducted simultaneously with the sewerage device construction works... However, if you bought a small country house, expensive methods of studying soil are impractical.

You can do simple surveys yourself. To conduct them better in spring, after the snow melts, when the water table is at its maximum. To do this, at different points of the site (for accuracy and reliability), observation wells are drilled at least 1.5 m deep. If there is a well on the site, you can measure the water level in it. It will not be superfluous to interview the neighbors, people who have been living nearby for a long time have probably come across this pressing issue.

You can determine the level of occurrence of groundwater by observing the plants

The last method, no matter how archaic it may seem, gives an objective idea of the desired depth of groundwater. It is necessary to take a closer look at the vegetation on the site. This method was used in ancient times. It is based on a simple principle - a grass with juicy fleshy leaves or stems on a dry (at first glance) area sure sign close groundwater. Plants-indicators of the location of underground veins at a depth of only 0.5-1 m:

coltsfoot;
horse sorrel;
sedge;
cattail;
hemlock;
horsetail.

Features of the installation of a septic tank in a watered area

The container must be airtight. Even small holes and cracks will serve as a source of groundwater pollution. Select plastic option- the correct balanced approach in difficult geological conditions. In this case ideal solution will be the acquisition of an industrially manufactured septic tank that has passed factory tests. The choice of a specific model, technological complexity and volume depends on private needs. So, in a dacha, where they do not live permanently, they do not mount a complex large-volume sewer system. And for a cottage, the most serious approach is required, even if it is associated with financial costs.

Installation of a septic tank on a concrete base

You need to take care of the correct installation of the septic tank. The close occurrence of groundwater can lead to heaving, pushing the reservoir to the surface of the earth. This accident will lead to a rupture of the sewer system, mechanical damage to the pipeline and violation of the integrity of the septic tank itself. To prevent these consequences, it is recommended to install it on a concrete base. When pouring such a slab, it is necessary to provide it with lugs made of bent reinforcement. A septic tank is attached to them with cables, nylon ropes, slings.

Advice. If it is planned to install minimal sanitary equipment in the house, for example, in a country house, a simple solution to the problem may be to equip the drive without burying it in the soil.

The sewerage device is always connected to earthworks... In conditions of a high location of groundwater, this can be difficult. It is recommended to carry out all the manipulations during the dry season, when the underground water veins run out as much as possible. But this is not always possible. In difficult cases, you have to work while standing in liquid mud or water. Then it is necessary to resort to using drain pump.

Utilization of purified water

Whatever material or design of the septic tank is chosen, you need to pay special attention to its installation. Each of us is responsible for the cleanliness and safety of the environment. We must not forget about the danger of its contamination by sewage.

Sewerage for a country house: video

Problems with sewage treatment give a lot of trouble to the owners of suburban real estate. The most pressing issue for the owners of private houses is the issue of connecting to the central sewage main. In rural areas, sewer pipelines are rare.

Creation of an autonomous sewage system in a private household

To create a comfortable living environment, homeowners need to take care of the disposal of liquid human waste themselves. There are only two options for resolving the issue:

create a local treatment system with a cesspool;
install a septic tank for a high level of groundwater.

Economically, the second option is considered less costly. For a house in a rural area, it is required to install a septic tank for a summer residence. A high level of groundwater will require additional costs for pumping out and removing the accumulated liquid. And the services of a sewer truck are expensive.

Installing a factory-made septic tank will require large investments at the initial stage of construction of the sewerage system. But in the process of operation, the costs will pay off with interest. Which septic tank to choose for a private house with a high level of groundwater is a question that should be studied in detail.

If moisture comes out at a depth below three meters, then feel free to buy any installation. But when the liquid appears in a meter thick soil, then the choice of equipment for autonomous sewage is limited to several models, which will be described below.

Determination of the groundwater level

There are several ways to find out this parameter:

ask neighbors, ask old residents settlement where your house or summer house is located;
drill a well with a depth of one and a half to two meters (which corresponds to the optimal level in which it is planned to place a septic tank for a high level of groundwater).

Important! The optimal time of the year to determine the exact horizon of the liquid underground in a specific area is early spring when the snow melts.

The obtained measurement results will become the starting parameter in the process of choosing and purchasing equipment necessary for creating a sewage system in a private house.

The installation of a septic tank requires a special construction technology. The equipment is carefully anchored to a concrete base.

Otherwise, during the spring flood, the sewer tanks will be squeezed out of the ground. Depressurization will occur, and environmental damage will be caused to the surrounding area.

Operating principle

The process of drainage, collection and disposal of sewage is quite simple:

dirty water flows through pipes into the first container;
insoluble suspensions settle at the bottom of the sump;
fermentation begins in the water thanks to the bacteria living in the tank (they feed on solid deposits);
the gas released by microorganisms - methane (it is explosive) is discharged through the drain pipe into the atmosphere;
75% purified liquid flows into the drainage underground layer or onto the filtration field;
the sediment that has settled on the bottom is removed independently or by employees of the municipal service.

An additional installation of a biofilter in the septic tank increases the degree of wastewater treatment up to 90%. Anaerobic bacteria recycle particulate matter in the sewer and convert it to sludge. From time to time, the sediment is removed manually.

After primary purification, the liquid enters the aerotank, in which the fermentation process continues. The rate of accumulation of effluents in autonomous sewage tanks depends on the intensity of water use and the number of people living in the house.

Calculation of the capacity of the treatment plant

Sanitary regulations require a septic tank for a high groundwater table to hold a three-day volume of sewage. Legislative acts the amount of water consumption for domestic needs is set: 200 liters per day per person living in the house. Consequently, for families with four members, a septic tank with a high groundwater level with a minimum tank volume of 2400 liters will be required.

Most local wastewater treatment plants have two or three chambers.

The capacity of the second container is allowed to be reduced by one quarter in relation to the first.

When designing a structure, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of accepting a salvo discharge.

This parameter is calculated according to the level of placement of the device for overflowing liquid from the first container to the second.

The higher the outlet is, the less free space remains in the first receiving compartment. The location of the overflow pipe determines the performance of the septic tank.

Which septic tank is better

A review of plumbing devices for local sewerage systems revealed that the market offers a lot of models for consumers with excellent technical characteristics.

Based on sales volumes and customer feedback, we have compiled a short list of prefabricated units:

Ecopan. Consists of six chambers made of durable polymer. Its capacity is sufficient for waste disposal of 6-8 people;
installation "Breeze". Able to meet the needs of 3-5 people permanently living in a country house. The equipment consists of a double tank with a biofilter;
septic tank "Count". Modular design. The set is made up with one, two or three containers;
local cleaning system "Astra". Sewage station with high performance. The specific model is selected according to the number of residents in the house. Able to dispose of waste water from several cottages.

Without a doubt, the best septic tanks industrial installations are recognized. Manufacturers guarantee 100% tightness of their equipment. Homemade constructions, for example, a prefabricated reinforced concrete septic tank, copes with a high level of groundwater much worse.

The factory units are equipped with a filtration system that meets the requirements of sanitary standards and perfectly cope with the loads.

Equipment manufactured in an industrial environment has powerful protection against external mechanical damage.

Homemade sedimentation tanks are not able to compete with factory installations. Often, their tightness is broken and leaks into the ground occur.

Helpful advice. If the homeowner does not have experience in arranging a sewage system, we recommend that you invite a specialist for consultation. A professional will study the features of the territory and determine the required volume of waste disposal. Will help you choose and tell you how it is done correct installation a septic tank with a high level of groundwater, to protect it from arbitrary ascent.

Storage type equipment

These septic tanks are purchased for installation in households with temporary residence of people. A concrete septic tank with a high level of groundwater is ideal for placement in summer cottages. Simple and inexpensive models are designed for low volume recycling. The capacity of the container is determined on the basis of the average daily water consumption by one person: 60-300 liters. For cleaning, you will have to order a sewer truck. It is necessary to weigh all the arguments, and only then make a decision in favor of purchasing and installing a cumulative type.

When choosing equipment, pay close attention to the thickness of the tank walls. Keep in mind that he will have to withstand colossal loads. Ground pressure increases in areas with high groundwater levels.

The place for the placement of the structure is selected taking into account the provision of free access for the sewage truck.

The storage tank can be made by hand. The ideal option is considered to be monolithic reinforced concrete structure... It corresponds to the main parameter for septic tanks with a high level of groundwater - tightness.

To create a local treatment facility of a storage type, the following are used:

iron containers;
plastic containers;
eurocubes.

The effluent is directed to a container buried in the ground. The high location of groundwater is not an obstacle for such structures.

The main disadvantage of storage septic tanks is high operating costs and distribution bad smell(it gets stronger during pumping).

Biological wastewater treatment

The equipment is manufactured only in the factory. In septic tanks, conditions are created for the life of bacteria. They recycle waste from the sewerage system into a collection tank. To maintain the conditions for the productive activity of biological microorganisms, the saturation of the liquid with oxygen is required. For this purpose, air compressors are included in the factory kits. The transfer of liquid from one chamber to another is carried out by an integrated pump.

A septic tank for a high level of groundwater with a biological treatment function is considered the most efficient structure for the disposal of sewage. The purified liquid is safely used for watering the lawn, vegetable garden and garden.

Septic tanks have low energy consumption. The only drawback is the high cost of the equipment. Unfortunately, high-quality constructions are never cheap.

The procedure for installing a septic tank in an area with a high groundwater level is as follows:

dig a pit, the size of which will exceed the dimensions of the installation by 50 cm around the perimeter;
lay at the bottom of the pit concrete slab or fill the site with a solution of sand, gravel and water;
securely fasten the equipment to the sole;
fill half of the containers with water and fill the hole with soil at the same level, pouring water over the layers of earth with a hose;
add liquid to the septic tank to its full volume and finish filling the pit.

Insecure plastic tanks can float during spring floods. To avoid such a nuisance, in areas with a high level of groundwater for fixing installations, except anchor bolts, bandage belts are used.

Settling tanks made of concrete rings

They are built using lifting mechanisms. Reinforced concrete rings are installed in a pre-prepared foundation pit. Their number is determined by the three-day volume of sewage or the depth of the dug hole.

The first ring is installed on a concrete base.

The second is laid on top of the solution. If necessary, then install both the third and fourth rings. All seams are covered with cement mortar with liquid glass.

A concrete septic tank with a high groundwater level is considered the best building for personal plots among similar self-built systems.

The design advantage is reliability and durability. Of the shortcomings, it is worth noting the complexity of the installation work. A truck crane is indispensable. Defective rings may contain subtle cracks that will shorten the life of the structure.

Eurocube system

The idea of creating a septic tank for autonomous sewerage from several sealed containers appeared recently. But she has already managed to conquer many construction lovers. treatment facilities do it yourself. To create a septic tank, you will need to purchase two or three euro cubes. They are sequentially mounted in the pit.

The attractiveness of the idea consists of:

an inexpensive way to create a septic tank (the price of a eurocube is lower than factory-made equipment);
ease of installation (the container is lightweight);
resistance of polymers to aggressive environments.

Negative points: it is impossible to provide a forced overflow of liquid between the containers.

Installation and assembly on your own

The construction of treatment facilities on personal plots of rubble stone, bricks, old tires for trucks or other scrap materials is a thing of the past. The main obstacle for the above home-made devices is the inability to eliminate drainage leaks outside the containers.

Metal tanks are required to be coated with an anti-corrosive compound. The service life of iron containers is less than that of polymer products.

Keep in mind, if you decide to build a septic tank with your own hands, a high level of groundwater is in favor of choosing plastic tanks. They are sold in any volume and various configurations... Tanks are made from:

polyethylene;
polypropylene;
fiberglass.

The tanks are highly durable against mechanical damage, successfully resist high soil pressure and chemical agents (detergents and cleaning agents, washing powders).

Helpful advice! For homemade septic tanks deep cleaning installation of the overflow pipe should be done at the level, departing from the upper edge of 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the tank height. A branch pipe cut at this level in structures made of eurocubes will provide free space for receiving a salvo discharge of 300 liters.

A few words about the installation and the high level of groundwater complicates the construction of the facility in many ways. Keep this in mind.

Monolithic reinforced concrete structure

The ideal solution to the issue would be the installation of monolithic structures, of which a septic tank is composed with a high level of groundwater. User reviews indicate that this is the best solution to create an autonomous sewage system.

Outdoor and inner surfaces covered with a waterproofing compound.

For overflow of drains, holes are made into which pipes are inserted.

The movement of liquid between reservoirs is essential for the proper functioning of the installation.

The top plate is manufactured with holes for a manhole and a fan pipe. A sewer line is laid from the house along a trench half-filled with sand.

Filtration fields

They are created in household plots with a high level of groundwater. The final post-treatment of sewage effluents takes place on a specially created site. For this purpose, they determine the place where the liquid will be diverted at the exit from the septic tank.

The fertile soil layer is removed from the marked area. Embankment is made around the edges. The pit is covered with sand mixed with fine crushed stone. Treated water is discharged into nearby water bodies or drainage system.