As a means of communication, they have gone into oblivion. They were supplanted by short messages on the Internet, where it is often not customary to use the rules of the Russian language. And even if from time to time you have to write text, this uses a computer that points out errors and offers to automatically make corrections. Another story begins when a sheet of paper and a pen are in the hands.
Probably, everyone had such situations when they had to rummage through their memory in search of the right spelling rule for words. Quite often, the spelling of verbs with combinations -tsya, -tsya becomes controversial. The rules for writing them are included in the fourth grade Russian language school curriculum. But sometimes not only children, but also adults make mistakes when writing such verbs. Moreover, the incorrect use of the soft sign is one of the most common missteps.
What is the reason? Half-learned lessons or simple laziness that prevents you from figuring out how to write -tsya and -tsya correctly? The rules may have been forgotten, but no one has canceled simple logic. However, it is never too late to learn!
We write according to the rules
Even at school, the teacher tries to put into the minds of the students that the verb denotes an action, and a similar question is posed to him, asking about this action. Thus, the following rule can be drawn up: -tsya and -tsya are suffixes of verbs, the spelling of which depends on the question “what to do?” and “what does it do?”. Therefore, whether or not to write a soft sign in a verb determines its presence in the question.
Digging Deeper
How else can you remember the rules -tsya, -tsya when writing verbs? Yes, very simple. Remember such a definition as an indefinite form of a verb when it is impossible to find out its person, time and number? He answers the questions "what to do?" and “what to do?”. The Russian language textbook says that the infinitive is always written with a soft sign. In other cases, the suffix -tsya should be used.
For instance:
- To wash - initial form - infinitive. It has no face, no number, no time.
- Washes himself - 3rd person, singular, present tense.
If this approach is too complicated, you can choose an easier option.
Turning on the logic
It is not necessary to memorize excerpts from the textbook, you just need to “divide” the verb. The fact is that “-sya” is a reflexive part of the word “yourself”. And if the verb is “to divide”, then the spelling -tsya and -tsya will immediately become clear. The rule becomes redundant if you dig a little deeper..
For example: dress yourself - dress; he dresses himself - he dresses.
Next time, if the verb is misleading, you need to remember one of the presented verification options and the spelling rule --tsya, -sya will no longer be a stumbling block.
Of course, you can find a lot of excuses, cite carelessness and haste, and continue to make the same mistake with a clear conscience. But after all, it looks just as funny in writing, as if someone used the combinations “zhy” and “shy”. Moreover, it is not so difficult to determine which suffix should be written. But allowing yourself to look stupid in the eyes of the reader is unforgivable.
We will learn how to write the endings -TSYA AND -TSYA correctly in verbs. Let us determine in what forms of the verb these endings are used.
Topic:Spelling
Lesson:Spelling TSYA and TSYA at the end of verbs
Studying, studying, student, working, working, titmouse, street, swim, swim. At the end of the words [tsa] is heard. In the words student, titmouse and street, [tsa] is read and written. The above words are nouns. There is no difficulty in writing these words correctly, because there is no orthogram in these words. As for the rest of the spelling. All of them are verbs. [tsa] is heard, but at the end of the verb we write -tsya, -tsya.
Let's divide the words into two groups. Determine the form of the verbs and ask them questions.
Bend over (what to do?) indefinite form (infinitive), write in 1 column.
Afraid (what is he doing?) of the present, write in column 2.
Holds (what does?) Currently, we write in column 2.
Boasting (what is he doing?) at the present time, we write in column 2.
Smile (what to do?) indefinite form (infinitive) we write in 1 column.
Rice. one.
In the verbs of the 3rd person it is written -TSYA, in the verbs of the indefinite form -TSYA is written.
There is an easy way to determine what exactly needs to be written at the end of the verbs -TSYA, -TSYA. If there is a “t” at the end of the question, then -tsya will be written at the end of the verb. (what is being done? writing). If at the end of the verb there is “t”, then at the end of the verb it will be -tsya (what to do? take a walk).
Exercise 1. Stretch, relax, take a deep breath now. Get up, wash yourself, Eat porridge, Jump lightly, And squat down. Get up, jump, laugh, Spin around, sway, Bow, straighten up And start working again.
In what words do you hear [tsa] at the end?
1. (what to do?) stretch - a soft sign in the question, which means we write it in the verb.
2. (what to do?) to wash - an indefinite form of the verb, so you need to write a soft sign.
3. (what to do?) laugh - there is a soft sign in the question, which means we write it in the verb.
4. (what to do?) spin around - an indefinite form of the verb, so you need to write a soft sign.
5. (what to do?) sway - there is a soft sign in the question, which means we write it in the verb.
6. (what to do?) bow - there is a soft sign in the question, we write it in the verb.
7. (what to do?) to straighten up - an indefinite form, written with a soft sign.
8. (what to do?) work - there is a soft sign in the question, so we write it in the verb.
Task 2
Dictation letter. Mark √ or × in the appropriate box. Use an algorithm. 1) to be locked with a bolt;
2) fog spreads;
3) going to school;
4) it is necessary to take care of health;
5) wants to study;
6) the girl is studying;
1. Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A. Russian language 4: Academic book / Textbook.
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O. Russian language 4: Ballas.
3. Lomakovich S.V., Timchenko L.I. Russian language 4: VITA_PRESS.
3. Cabinet of the Russian language and literature ()
1. Rewrite. Underline the verbs in the form of the 3rd person with one line, in the indefinite form - with two. Do not rush: let me wash, let me pray, and have a bite! Soon the fairy tale is told, but the deed is not done soon. What is born in summer will come in handy in winter. Nothing is more difficult: praying to God, honoring your parents and repaying your debts. The Lord commanded to be fed from the earth. She cries with her eyes, but laughs with her heart. The crane walks through the swamp, is hired to work. Whoever is not lazy to plow will have bread. The goods will be loved - the mind will part. Expensive - the goods are stale; sell cheap - do not make profits.
2. Selective dictations. Write the verbs of the 3rd person in the left column, the verbs in the infinitive - in the right column. It’s good for someone else’s laughter (i.e. trouble) to laugh: laugh at your own! The eye is not satisfied with sight, and the mind with wealth. Don't wear someone else's dress. Learn - learn. Every bird flaunts with its feather. Where to meddle in wolves, if a dog's tail. The hay can't keep up with the fire. He drinks tea like a merchant, but pays not like a merchant. There is time to cry, eat and have fun. It is better to stumble with a foot than with a word. Beware of it, as you beware of fire and water. On someone else's good and eyes flare up. To hope for a friend - to disappear yourself. Every master marvels at himself.
3. Guess the riddles, underline the spelling -tsya, -tsya and explain them. Bows, bows - will come home, stretch out. Kochet ankle, bow much. Two brothers look at each other, but they don't get along. The mother is black, the daughter is red, the son is ankle-sized, it is much to bend. The gray cloth stretches out the window. During the day he swaggers, ribs, and at night he lies down in a corner. Two brothers are bathing and the third is taunting . Was on a dig, was on a firebox, was on a circle, was on a fire, stood in a market; he was young, he fed a hundred heads; became old - began to swaddle.
4. * Find and write down 10-15 riddles or sayings, or proverbs in which the spelling is found -tsya, -tsya.
This opus is dedicated to all those strong, independent personalities who are very fond of writing illiterate nonsense and talking about the fact that they do not need to be taught, they have already achieved everything. “If you are so smart, where is your money?” – the wounded literate will ask. You know, in one Irish social network there is a certain system of fines for elementary grammatical violations. If you exceed the limit, you will say goodbye to your page forever. It is clear that this social network is not successful and will close soon, as the Irish are wayward people, and they really do not like it when some “bastard teaches life, if you are so smart, go out one on one”! But such a rule should be introduced into all social networks.
Language is one of the foundations of statehood. When a people loses it, it loses its history, its heritage. This is beautiful to say. And if you really get off the brakes and say everything as it is, then learn to distinguish between the cases of writing -TSYA and -TSYA! At least this! To not be embarrassed! Even a fifth grader writes better! There is no “Grammar Nazi” slant here: this is an elementary attempt to point out the most common problems when writing. If you want to write an angry comment, write it correctly, without mistakes. The author will be pleased.
P.S. If you find something misspelled in the text, it's not me - it's all Freemasons, 2 parochial classes and alcohol. What right do I have to write all this? And who, if not BroDude?!
This is, so to speak, the quintessence of all the mistakes made by millions when writing. For everyone, “Grammar Nazi” is a symbol of the struggle for the purity of the language (God, how terrible it is to write “purity” next to the word “Nazi”. I know, I know, this is the calculation.) Like Joan of Arc for the French during the Hundred Years War . Although Jeanne did not know how to write at all, and thank God.
In fact, everything is simple to the point of banality:
- “-tsya” is written if the verb answers the question “what is it doing?”;
- “-s” is supposed to appear in the verb if it answers the question “what to do?”.
Example:
– WHAT IS Bartholomew DOING?
- Bartholomew is spreading in the alley.
– What are we to do then?
– GET OUT with him.
- I do not want.
- Have to.
A soft sign is generally an insidious thing. How many words have been mangled by his presence/absence. Therefore, "b" is important and should be put:
- in the indefinite form of the verb, called the beautiful word "infinitive": "to smear";
- at the end of the verb of the 2nd person singular of the present or future tense: “Pontuesh“ priory ”in front of friends; intercourse in the “prior” without friends”;
- after consonants in imperative mood forms. True, there are exceptions - “d” and “d”: “Lie down on the couch, gently stick it down. Then rinse your mouth and spit”;
- in the recurrent particle (suffix) after the vowel sound: "I'll get drunk", "I'll vomit", "I'll cut myself off."
In other cases, in the verb endings, “b” is not put (What is he doing? - Put by heroin). He likes to blow his nose in the hand in front of the young ladies, but "he blows his nose in the hand."
And finally, fixing the material. If the word "infinitive" is as alien and incomprehensible to you as the word "adequacy" to Gauguin Solntsev, then there is an easier way:
“-sya” is a recurrent particle, short for “self”. Say this form in full, and everything will immediately become clear:
"He likes to wash himself before a date" - you won't say "wash". This is not old Russian for you.
“It is necessary to wash yourself in order not to get infected with gangrene”, - “washing up” cannot be written; "infect".
"Women bathe in the bath." “Women bathe themselves.”
"Kuzma came to the bath - the women ran to hide." - "They ran to hide themselves from the accursed Kuzma."
Let's look at the studied material based on the good old VIA song with the telling name "KhZ":
Friends, let's sort it out (what to do? - sort it out)
And negotiate (negotiate)
To whom, when and with whom to fuck, (fuck)
So as not to break off. (there is no such word as “Breaking off”)
But when we agree (what will we do?)
And let's figure it out (same thing)
Let's have some fun then
And… well, you get the idea.
Now let's remember school and do an exercise to consolidate the material. Insert a soft sign where necessary.
Stepanida was offered to star in a film of light content.
Ferapont wanted to get drunk..sya. But the district police officer forbade him to approach the stall.
Panteleimon is glued to Genevienne. At first, Genevienne is shy, but later gives in to the stubborn Panteleimon.
The lazy fatass has a thin roof..sya.
Does not spit .. to the inhabitants in the well. Residents know that you can not spit there .. sya. It will come in handy .. to drink water .. sya.
Today's lesson is over, goodbye!
Lesson topic: Spelling -tsya and -tsya in verbs.
Grade: 5
The purpose of the lesson: f formation of skills to write and pronounce verbs with -tsya and -tsya;
know the corresponding rule and be able to graphically indicate the conditions for choosing the correct spellings.
Lesson objectives:
1) work out the method of action when choosing the spelling -tsya and -tsya, work to prevent the most common and persistent errors in writing this spelling;
2) develop the ability to speak on a grammatical topic, compare, analyze, develop spelling vigilance;
3) to cultivate a positive attitude to learning, to knowledge, respect for each other through work on proverbs.
Equipment: multimedia presentation, textbook, algorithm;
Lesson type: skill development lesson.
Lesson duration: 40 minutes
During the classes:
- Organizing time.
Hello guys, sit down.
The bell rang loudly
He called us to class.
My part is fine:
Both textbook and notebooks.
I'm ready, I'm ready
Listen to your entire lesson.
- Repetition of the studied material.
The Russian language never ceases to amaze us, and today we have to solve another riddle. How is it that words are pronounced the same but spelled differently? But in order to start this, we need to remember a little and check our baggage of knowledge already gained in the Russian language lessons.
Oral survey. slide 1.
The verb is...
Verbs change according to...
In a sentence, the verb is...
Verbs in an indefinite form answer questions ...
In the indefinite form of the verb after the letter H ...
Put the verbs in the indefinite form. Slide 2.
You walk, run, walk, walk, rush, shore, study, love, protect, bake, rejoice.
CH or CH? Slide 3.
Zazhe ..., strength ..., re ..., attracted ..., squeak ..., save ..., bake ..., feces ..., erase ..., godfather ..., lie ..., obzhe ..., gra ..., harness ..., butt ...
- Introduction to a new topic.Statement of a problem situation.
Let's write down the date and topic of the lesson "Spelling -tsya and -tsya in verbs."
Write down the sentences in your notebook. slide 4.
Venus (what is she doing?) lights up.
It starts (what to do?) to swirl.
The sun (what is it doing?) is rising.
Pay attention to the question to the verb and make a conclusion about the spelling of verbs.
What determines the spelling -tsya, -tsya?(student answers)That's right, from whether there is a soft sign in the question posed to the verb. The choice of spelling depends on the form of the word. And we set the form of the verb according to the question.
Remember guys! The question is your main assistant. If you can put the question correctly, then you will write the verb correctly.
Slide 5. So as not to think, not to guess,
Is it necessary to write a soft sign,
It must be remembered that the verb
You must ask a question.
There is a soft sign in the question,
That praise and honor to him -
It is also needed in the verb.
That's what they always taught in school.
Here is the spelling algorithm -tsya and -tsya in verbs. slide 6. With this algorithm, you can easily cope with the task.
Spelling algorithm -tsya and -tsya.
Indefinite form 3rd person form
(what to do?) (what to do?)
I want to study boy
I can work, dad works
So, let's make a conclusion. In what form is the soft sign written, and in what form is it not?(student answers)That's right, the soft sign is written in the indefinite form of the verb.
- Fizkultminutka.
We've worked hard - we'll have a rest.
Let's get up and take a deep breath.
Hands to the sides, forward
Left, right turn.
Three bends, stand up straight
Raise your hands up and down.
Hands slowly lowered
Everyone was given smiles.
- Consolidation of acquired knowledge and skills.
Let's read the rule in the textbook on page 106.(One person reads aloud, then students read to themselves)Pay attention to how the spelling is indicated.
1. "Auction" of proverbs.
Slide 7 . Write down proverbs, denoting the studied spelling.
The teacher comments on the first example, the rest at the blackboard in turn and in a notebook.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A coward is afraid of his shadow (?) Xia.
It's not a shame not to know, it's a shame not to learn (?) Xia.
Every person in business knows (?) Xia.
It falls out of his hands (?) Xia.
For all brother (?) Xia - do nothing.
Work with the textbook.
Examination. slide 8.
2. Distributive dictation.
Guys, did you pay attention to how -ts and -ts are pronounced in verbs?(student answers)You need to be extremely careful when writing such words.
Write the phrases in two columns. slide 9.
The bridge of the nose hurts, the meeting is postponed;
pure water, you should not hang out with him;
white chicken, the volcano is smoking; sharp needle,
he can't sleep.
3. Let's do exercise 633 in writing.
(The teacher comments on the first sentence, the rest of the students complete it on their own.)
Exercise check.
- Summing up the lesson.
Oral survey. slide 10.
- How to explain the choice of spelling -ts and -tsya in verbs?
- Give examples of writing -ts and -tsya in verbs.
- How is this spelling indicated in the letter?
- How to put a verb in the indefinite form?
Giving marks for class work.
- Setting homework. Slide 11.
At home, you need to learn the rule on page 106, complete exercise 634 in writing on the assignment.
Thank you all, the lesson is over.
Students mix the 3rd person singular with the infinitive mostly in verbs that match both in form and pronunciation (He often hunts. He loves to hunt). These errors are very persistent. Test questions (what is he doing?) (what to do?) help to distinguish between these forms only if the guys correctly find the word from which the question is posed. But this question is not easy to substitute for all verbs, therefore, in order to develop the necessary spelling skill, a large number of training work should be carried out in which these forms are compared.
1. Insert into sentences the verbs to be afraid, to go, to prepare, to care, to be useful in the required form.
1) No need (what to do?) Difficulties. They (what are they doing?) tell the truth.
2) I'll have to (what to do?) To you for help. The patient (what will he do?) For advice to the doctor.
3) Brother is tense (what is he doing?) for exams. He needs (what to do?) to report.
4) Father (what is he doing?) about everyone. He also teaches us (what to do?) About each other.
5) This textbook (what will it do?) to my younger brother. He can still (what to do?) Us.
2. Compose phrases with verbs.
Meet - meet, refresh - refresh, free - free, reflect - reflect, return - return, have fun - have fun, sit down - sit down, clean - clean, quarrel - quarrel, wake up - wake up, get to know - get to know, worry - worry, languish - languish.
3. Add prefixes and reflexive suffixes to these verbs.
With newly formed verbs in the indefinite form and in the form of the 3rd person singular, make sentences: to prepare - you need to prepare for classes; The student will prepare for the exam.
Knock, cook, drown, disturb, clean, store, see, heal, speak, believe, share, acquaint, reconcile, torment.
4. Replace the verb in the form of the 3rd person with an indefinite form, using the following auxiliary words want, start, become, be able, gather, must, ready, intend:
The boy will improve. - The boy wants to improve.
The bolt will be fixed, the team will vouch for it, the issue will be clarified, the patient will be treated, the pelvis will be filled, academic performance will increase, the director will give orders, the dream will come true, the rain will stop, the regime will not be violated.
The next task involves repeating the spelling not and neither in negative pronouns.
5. Rebuild the sentences, replacing verbs in the indefinite form with verbs in the 3rd person singular and vice versa:
6. Write down proverbs and sayings in which verbs end in -gay and -tsya.
After the students complete the matching exercises and practice asking questions, the spelling skill becomes fairly stable. However, for weak students, this work may not be enough, then it is useful to use another technique.
In the indicative mood, the present or future simple tense verbs can always be replaced by past tense verbs, for example:
The teacher will take care of the kids - took care of the kids. Who is afraid of difficulties, he will not learn to overcome them. - Who was afraid of difficulties, he did not learn ...
In relation to the verb in the indefinite form, such a replacement is impossible, because the verb in the indefinite form only names the action, but does not indicate the time of its completion.
As a training work, we offer students examples in which it is necessary to replace, where possible, these verbs with past tense verbs:
He tries not to worry. - He tried not to worry.
1) You have to go to bed.
2) The old story may repeat itself again.
3) I will manage to pass here.
4) I would like to return early.
5) Do not sit in a cramped hut, do not lie on the stove (N.).
6) You have to go down to the city along a sloping highway (Kor.).
7) It's getting dark outside, but we don't want to go back.
It began to seem to him that all the individual sounds quietly fly in through the window and circle for a long time over his bed (Kor.).
9) Who loves to work, he can’t sit idle (ate).
10) What is born in the summer will come in handy in the winter (ate).
11) Than to be angry, it is better to make peace (ate).
12) Who is not afraid of death, the bullet shuns him (ate).