What is forbidden to do on Saturday? Why don't you work, but study all the time? Why Jews Don't Work on Saturdays

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Shabbat, or Shabbat (Hebrew:שַׁבָּת) is the seventh day of creation, which is also the seventh day of the week, the Jewish Sabbath. In Judaism, Shabbat is a holy day, which is commanded to honor and observe as a sign that Gd created this world for seven days, and rested on the seventh. The word itself "Shabbat" / "Shabbat" comes from the Hebrew root verb "Lishboach" and means "resting", "stopped activity", which has a common root with Sheva- "seven" (hence, for example, "Shviit"- the commandment to keep the seventh, "sabbath" year). Traditionally, Shabbat is a day of rest, a day of Sabbath rest: 39 types of activities (the so-called 39 types of work) are prohibited on Shabbat. Jews celebrate Shabbat as a holiday: they celebrate Shabbat by lighting candles, arrange meals with Shabbat songs, devote Shabbat to spiritual growth, study the Torah, spend time with family and close friends, by all means wishing each other "Shabbat Shalom!" (traditional Saturday greeting, wishing peace on Shabbat) or "Gut Shabes!" (in Yiddish - "Have a good Saturday!"). Keeping the Sabbath is considered one of the basic commandments of Judaism: observing the Shabbat and stepping back from work on that day, the Jew proclaims the belief that Gd is the Creator of the world, who controls all the processes in it.

SATURDAY - Shabbat, seventh day of the week

Saturday, the seventh day of the week, the day of rest ... In Hebrew, all days are named according to the number of their removal from Saturday - the first, second, etc., but only one day has a proper name - Saturday.

According to the Torah, the commandment to keep the Sabbath was established by the Almighty, Who, having finished the Creation of the world in six days, blessed and sanctified the seventh day. We read in the book of Shemot, in the chapter about the Jews receiving the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai: “Remember the Sabbath day to sanctify it. Work for six days and do whatever you do. But the seventh day is Saturday to the Most High: do not do anything - neither your son, nor your daughter, nor your servant, nor your servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is at your gate. For six days the Most High created heaven, earth, sea and everything in them, and on the seventh day he rested. Therefore, the Most High blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it. "

The Torah calls Saturday a holiday on which it is forbidden to do work - even in the midst of the field harvest; in addition, it is forbidden to light a fire on Saturday. Anyone who violates these prohibitions is severely punished by the court. In those passages of the Torah where the holidays are listed, the Sabbath is mentioned first. The prophet Yeshayahu foresaw that the Jewish people would be exalted if they regarded the Sabbath as their delight, God's holy day (see 58:13).

Devoid of everyday worries, the Sabbath day is reserved for spiritual pursuits. The Sabbath Prayer proclaims: "May all who keep the Sabbath rejoice in Your kingdom, the people who sanctify the seventh day ... You called this day the adornment of the days."

Jews at all times were so zealous for the fulfillment of the Sabbath commandment that, in the eyes of foreigners, Sabbath observance became the most characteristic feature of Jewishness. The Romans called the Jews "Sabatoria", Subbotniks. Seneca, Tacitus, Ovid openly mocked the Jews for their attachment to this day. Interestingly, the hatred of foreign rulers towards the Jews has always been accompanied by prohibitions on the Sabbath. However, all these persecutions in ancient times ended with the seven-day week with the final day of rest accepted by all the peoples of the Mediterranean. A week, but not Saturday. Keeping the Sabbath remained a purely Jewish commandment.

We bring to your attention a selection of articles and audio lessons on the topic "Shabbat" presented on the website of Toldot Yeshurun.

article p. Moshe Pantelyata

answer p. Benziona Zilber

memories of Rabbi Yitzchak Zilber of how he kept the Sabbath in the camp

chapter from the book "Queen Saturday" p. Moshe Pantelyata

article by the head of the Moscow yeshiva "Torat Chaim" p. Moshe Lebel

Video tutorials on the laws of the Sabbath, conducted by r. Eliyahu Levin

Fasting on Saturday. Prayer for troubles on Saturday. Shtei mikra echad targum. The need to devote time to spiritual growth on the Sabbath

Jews have a weekly holiday that is celebrated every Friday at sunset. It is called "Shabbat Shalom", which means "Hello, Saturday". Every Jew honors the sixth day of the week, which reminds him of his spiritual purpose in life. Let's find out, Shabbat - what kind of holiday it is and how it is celebrated in Israel.

"Peaceful Saturday"

Shabbat Shalom is a festive Friday dinner dedicated to Saturday. Why is this particular day of the week considered holy for Jews? Because he is one of the foundations of the unity of the Jewish people. This holy day reminds Jews that they were once slaves in Egypt. But later, the Most High brought the people out of there so that they received the Torah at Sinai. The Sabbath is a symbol of the release of the Jews from physical slavery and their acquisition of spiritual freedom. Celebration of the Sabbath is also a direct fulfillment by the Jews of the 4th commandment of God: “ Remember Saturday night to sanctify it. Work 6 days, and devote the 7th day to your Almighty ..."For a religious Jew, the" Day of Rest "- the Sabbath - is very important. What is this holiday for Israel? We can say that Israel is "standing" on the Sabbath. On Saturdays, clinics, government agencies and most shops are closed in the country. Public transport does not run on the streets of Israel from 15.00 (winter) and from 16.00 (summer) every Friday. People can only get to the place by taxi, which operate at higher (Saturday) rates.

Jewish Saturday, the seventh day of the week, a day of rest and joy, dedicated to the Lord (Ex 16:23).
The holiness of the seventh day was revealed to Israel during their wilderness wanderings after the exodus from Egypt. According to the Bible, in response to the murmuring of the hungry Israelites, God gave them manna; at the same time, He commanded that every day the Israelites prepare a daily portion, and on the sixth day - a double, so that it would be enough for the seventh day, on which manna would not be sent down; and Moses announced to the people that the seventh day is “the holy sabbath of the Lord” (Ex. 16: 4-30).

“Say to the children of Israel this way: keep My Sabbaths, for this is a sign between me and you throughout your generations, so that you may know that I am the Lord who sanctifies you; and keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you: whoever defiles it, let him be put to death; whoever begins to do a deed in it, that soul must be exterminated from among his people; six days let them do deeds, and on the seventh - a Sabbath of rest, dedicated to the Lord: everyone who does deeds on the sabbath day, let him be put to death; and let the children of Israel keep the Sabbath, celebrating the Sabbath throughout their generations, as an everlasting covenant; this is a sign between me and the children of Israel forever, because in six days the Lord created the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day he rested and rested ”(Ex. 31: 13-15)

"This is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever, because in six days the Lord created the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day he rested and rested." (Ex. 31:17) The Hebrew Sabbath prayers say: "And you did not give the Sabbath to the nations of the world, and you did not give it to the idolaters, but only to Israel, your people who you chose."

Initially, the day of rest was considered the period of time from sunset on Friday to sunset on Saturday, but later, in the Christian world, the custom has spread to devote "Saturday rest" to the next day, Sunday.

In biblical times, the term "Sabbath" was used to refer to:
- the day of rest established by God (Lev 16:31),
- full week (Lev 23:15),
- and the seventh year (Lev 25: 4).

Sabbath observance was an exclusively Hebrew custom, developed during the wanderings of the Jews in the wilderness, as a sign of obedience and obedience to God, who freed the Jews from Egyptian slavery, brought them closer to him and made them the chosen people. In the tabernacle of the covenant, and later in the Jerusalem Temple, the Sabbath ritual was accompanied by the sacrifice of two lambs in addition to the daily morning burnt offering and evening sacrifice (Num. 28: 9), the renewal of the offering loaves (Lev 24: 8), and the calling of a "sacred meeting" people (Lev 23: 2).

In the later practice of the synagogue service, this day stood out from other days of the week with special prayers. Along with the prescriptions of a ritual nature, prohibitions are also associated with the Sabbath (for example, for any slave labor). Of the prohibited works, only a few were mentioned - preparing firewood, lighting a fire, plowing, sowing, trading. Starting from the 2nd century. BC. these prohibitions received increasing attention, and the rabbis compiled a list of 39 main types of work, which included the numerous other activities prohibited on the Sabbath. This "setting up a fence around the Torah" was intended to protect workers from exploitation, since it clarified what actions should not be required from the worker, and at the same time clarified what actions are allowed and even obligatory (for example, saving a sick person). In the Middle Ages, when some Jews were forcibly converted to Christianity, non-observance of the Shabbat was considered by the Inquisition as one of the most convincing proofs of the sincerity of newly baptized Christians. However, forcibly converted Jews in Spain and Portugal, especially women, resorted to all sorts of tricks in order not to violate the regulations related to the Sabbath. Shabbat candles were lit so that Christian neighbors could not notice it: instead of lighting special candles, new wicks were inserted into ordinary candles. Clean clothes were worn on Saturday; women refrained from weaving and spinning, and in the event of visiting a Christian neighbor they pretended to be working; the men went out into the fields, but did not work there; the merchants left their children in the shops in their place.

Shabbat Laws in Judaism

Saturday for the Jews is a holiday, and on this day it is prescribed to eat three times. It is recommended that the owner of the house be involved in the preparations for Shabbat, even if he has servants to make all the preparations. In honor of Shabbat, you should wear special clothes, walk and even speak differently than on weekdays.

Shabbat meeting

Meeting Shabbat is a tradition rooted deep in the past. Its inalienable attributes are a table covered with a tablecloth, two lighted candles, challah (traditional bread in the form of a plaited braid), and kosher wine.

Lighting candles

Shabbat, according to Jewish tradition, comes at sunset on Friday. However, 18 minutes before sunset, a woman (usually the wife of the head of household) must light at least two Shabbat candles, one of which corresponds to the verse "Remember the sabbath day" (Ex. 20: 8), and the other - "keep the sabbath day" (Deut. 5:12).

When lighting candles, a blessing is pronounced:

"Blessed are You, Lord, our God, the Sovereign of the Universe, who sanctified us with his commandments and commanded us to light the Sabbath candles."

After the candles are lit, it is customary to greet each other with the words "Shabbat shalom!" From the moment of the adoption of Shabbat (a woman lighting candles, a man no later than sunset) and until the end of Shabbat, 39 categories of "labor", including lighting and extinguishing the fire, cannot be performed.

Prayers

After lighting the candles, the men go to the synagogue for the Mincha, Shabbat and Maariv prayers.

Returning home from synagogue on Friday evening (or after praying at home), the family gathers at the Saturday table to sing the traditional hymn "Shalom Aleichem."

It is accepted that after this the father blesses the children. This ceremony emphasizes his role as a spiritual guide. A child who approaches his father every week for a blessing gets used to respecting him. The father lays both hands on the child's head (when there are two children, then he puts his hand on the head of each) and, if it is a son (sons), pronounces : "May God liken you to Ephraim and Menashe!" To daughters (daughters) he says: "May God liken you to Sarah, Rivka, Rachel and Leia!" Then he continues: “May the Lord bless you and protect you, and the Lord will be gracious to you and have mercy on you. The Lord will be pleased with you and will send you peace! "

Consecration of the day

Consecration of the day is pronounced over a glass of wine or grape juice (kiddush). The head of the family pronounces the blessing:

“And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day. And heaven and earth were completed with all their host. And G-d finished on the seventh day His work, which He was engaged in, and on the seventh day He did not do any of the work that He was busy with, and G-d blessed the seventh day, and sanctified him, for on that day He did not do any from his works, which he did before, and which he intended to do after that. Hear my Lord and teachers!

Blessed are YOU, LORD, OUR GD, THE LORD OF THE UNIVERSE, WHO CREATED THE FRUIT OF THE VINE!
Blessed are YOU, L-LORD, OUR G-D, THE LORD OF THE UNIVERSE, who sanctified us with his commandments, and who was gracious to us. AND GIVING US IN HERITAGE, BY LOVE AND GRACE, HOLY SATURDAY IN MEMORY
OF THE CREATION OF THE WORLD, THE FIRST OF THE HOLY HOLIDAYS REMINDING
ABOUT THE EXIT FROM EGYPT, FOR YOU CHOSE US AND SANCTED US AMONG ALL PEOPLES. AND HOLY SATURDAY BY LOVE AND GRANTLY GAVE US IN HERITAGE. Blessed are you, LORD, SATURDAY! "

"Kiddush" is performed by one person on behalf of all those present, but everyone, if he wants, can do it for himself.
When the blessing is pronounced over the wine, the challah should remain covered.
At the end of Kiddush, all those present answer "amen". The head of the family takes a sip of wine and pours from his goblet to everyone else. They should not, however, pronounce the wine blessing themselves.

Washing hands

After the consecration of the day, hand washing follows. Each participant in the Sabbath meal should alternately rinse the right and left hand (hand) three times. Then you should wipe your hands, while saying:

"Blessed are you, Lord, our God, Master of the Universe, who sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to wash our hands!"

Meal

On the Sabbath table there should be two challah, covered with a special napkin - in memory of the two daily norms of manna from heaven, which after the Exodus God allowed the Jews to collect on the eve of the Sabbath.

The head of the family takes off the napkin, makes a mark on the challah with a knife, then puts both hands on the challah and says:

"Blessed are you, Lord, our God, Master of the Universe, Who grows bread from the earth."

Having pronounced the blessing, the head of the family cuts the challah where he made the mark, dipped it in salt and eats. Then he cuts the challah further and distributes the cut slices to the rest of the members of the meal. This is followed by the actual meal, which, if possible, should consist of tasty, varied and plentiful food. There are no hard and fast rules for this, and each community has its own cuisine.

End of Shabbat

At the end of Saturday, at the evening meal, a special prayer is said over a cup of wine - havdala. The word "havdala" literally translated from Hebrew means "separation" or "division". This is precisely the meaning of the short, but beautiful in its rituals and symbolism, service of the end of Shabbat. Hawdala is precisely what separates Shabbat from other days, separating the sacred from the everyday.

According to the ancient tradition, Hawdala begins at the moment when darkness falls and at least three stars become visible. With the onset of such darkness, the Havdala candle is lit. This candle is special, wicker and with several wicks. The candle burns brightly like a torch, lighting up the whole room. Looking at the flame of a candle, we recall the words written in the book of Tehillim - Psalm 18: 9 “The commands of the Lord are righteous, gladden the heart; the commandment of the Lord is bright, enlightens the eyes. " The Hawdala candle reminds us that it was on the first day of the week, which begins now, that God created light. Darkness was created along with light.

After the candle has been lit, a glass of Kiddush is raised, a passage from the book of the Prophet Isaiah is read and a prayer of blessing of the grape fruit is recited. The glass is overfilled on purpose, because a full glass is a symbol of joy, and as a sign of excessive joy, wine is spilled over the edge on a saucer under the glass. The grape fruit reminds of the past, of how in ancient times of the temple gifts and outpourings were brought to God as a sacrifice on His altar. The fruit of the grape also reminds of the blood sacrifices that were offered for the sins of people. Remembering that the source of salvation and redemption is God himself, read the passage from the book of Isaiah:

“Behold, God is my salvation: I trust in Him and am not afraid; for the Lord is my strength, and my singing is the Lord; and He was for my salvation. And in joy you will draw water from the sources of salvation "(Yeshayahu - Isaiah 12)

A box with fragrant spices inside is passed around the room. The spice scent also reminds of an ancient temple. After all, it was inside, in the holy monastery, that there was an altar of incense, on which fragrant herbs were burned. The smoke from incense rose upward, symbolizing the prayers of Israel directed to the Almighty.

A glass is raised and a prayer of separation is recited.

Blessed are You, our Lord God, the Sovereign of the universe, dividing between the holy and the ordinary, between light and darkness, between the seventh day and six days of creation. Blessed are You Lord, dividing between the saint and the ordinary.

After saying this prayer, the glass is drunk, and the candle is extinguished in the wine spilled on the saucer. Thus, the Hawdal ceremony ends and, by tradition, everyone sits down to dinner. At the table, songs are sung, passages from the Tanakh and stories are recalled, which are then discussed among friends and relatives.

Jews believe that Shabbat is not only an “eternal union” between God and His people, but also a universal human phenomenon: it serves as a guarantee of a better world. Law teachers of the Talmudic era eloquently describe the meaning of the Sabbath: "If Israel keeps one thing - the Sabbath properly, the Messiah will not hesitate to come."

Christians(with the exception of Sabbaths) believe that the laws of Shabbat, along with other commandments of the Law of Moses, were abolished by the sacrifice of Jesus Christ at Calvary, and the Sabbath remains only a spiritually understood duty of a Christian to devote himself and his time to serving God. At the same time, the creed Orthodox Church distinguishes between Shabbat (Saturday) and God's day (Sunday). Roman catholic church practically equates the Old Testament Saturday and Sunday, and this tradition is followed by many Protestants, who consider Sunday to be the New Testament Shabbat.

For those who consider themselves "ehudim mesikhim" (messianic Jews), the meaning and rite of Hawdala are, of course, inseparable from the personality of the Messiah Yeshua. Read all of the items used in this rite, and the traditions adopt the symbolism associated with the Messiah and His life. For those who believe, a deeper meaning of Hawdala is revealed and they begin to see not just superficially, but deeper, extracting for themselves a more personal and deeper understanding of God.

The candle flame reminds of the famous words of the Messiah - "... I am the light of the world; whoever follows Me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life." (Yochanan 8:12) Putting out a candle in wine symbolizes His death. The wine itself reminds us of Yeshua's blood shed for the sins of people. Fragrant spices remind us that Yeshua was actually dead and was embalmed and then buried. It is remembered that Yeshua did not remain in the grave, but shone again on the third day, rose again and then ascended, promising us to return at the time of the most difficult trials of his people. Thus, even the ritual objects of Hawdala strengthen faith in the Messiah Yeshua and inspire a life of devotion to God.

Shabbat is seen as a sign of the covenant between God and Israel

Read, by the way, dedicated to this topic as well. I will PR her, taking the opportunity. The problem is not whether it can or cannot. The problem is different.
It is known that one American worker is better than one Japanese worker, and a team of 10 Japanese workers is better than a team of 10 American workers.
It is known that one particular Jewish worker can do better than one average goy worker. Novozlatopol Jewish National Region, see the link above, can win socialist competition from one similar Cossack region. But in the long run, something doesn't work out. What and why?

I have never and nowhere come across statistics of industrial injuries in Israel, including injuries among Jewish workers. But there are personal observations, and I see that this injury is off scale. If statistics appear, I'm sure they will be shocking. Almost everyone who started working in Israel on a construction site, on a farm, in a locksmith's workshop, sooner or later was injured, usually serious. At best, he recovered health after a couple of months and changed jobs in half of the cases; at worst, the loss of health turned out to be irreversible.

In the mid-90s A., a guy in his early 20s, sabra, worked on editing. Beams were mounted, poured into metal formwork at the construction site. These beams lay in the formwork for 3-4 days, they were poured on top of them with water, then they were mounted. At 15 centimeters from the ends of the beam, projectors with a diameter of approximately 5 centimeters were inserted, and pins protruding from the columns from above were inserted into these holes during installation. Then the hole was filled with a solution. It is clear that the accuracy of the installation was not sufficient for this pin to fit exactly into place, so the pin often had to be knocked with a hammer. Then they also put on a rubber gasket on top to make a hinge joint.

Obviously, a beam that hardens without steaming on the construction site and holds half as much as it should in such cases, sooner or later would fall off the mounting loop. This happened when A. was standing under it. He was just putting the rubber gasket in place, and the beam, which stood obliquely on the pin protruding from the column, fell off the mounting loop. She fell directly on A.'s right arm. The arm was cut off at the elbow.
I recently met him. He receives a disability in the amount of the living wage. For a desire to work a little over a year after the army at a construction site, in order to receive a gift "for the work that society needs" and to save money for a trip to the Far East, a person pays with life-long disability. So was the game worth the candle?
A man working in a locksmith's shop cuts off three fingers with a circular saw. A man working in a field falls under the thresher.

Elsewhere, at a construction site, a foreman from Nablus worked, a man who had been involved in construction all his life. In the summer, his son, 15 years old, helped him. He came to work on vacation. At the age of 15, he knew how to do everything. If he had mounted that ill-fated beam, with a 70 percent chance he would have pulled his hand back, noticing with peripheral vision how it begins to fall off the loop. Two or three seconds always elapse between the start of pulling out the loop and the fall of the beam. A. had no lateral vision, so he was left disabled.

There is a word sustainability - system security, system stability. It is this very quality that the Jewish workers lack. That is why the Jewish worker is always inferior to the "goy" in the long run. In this context, sustainability can be translated as professionalism. Professionalism is when a person, even at the end of the day, in a tired, irritated state, after a quarrel with his wife, continues to work professionally, in a systematic way, and does not break down and does not do stupid things. It is impossible to learn this, it must be present in the subconscious. One of my acquaintances often repeated a wonderful proverb in Yiddish "Esn un trenen darf man kenen", "You must be able to eat and fuck." Like, everyone eats and everyone fucks, but you have to be able to do both this and that, otherwise it’s embarrassing. You have to be able to do everything. Vladimir Vysotsky sang in a song about wolves: "I smelled wolf pits with paw pillows." The wolf learns this from childhood. The dog does not know how to smell wolf pits with the pillows of its paws, therefore, once in the forest, it will definitely fall into such a hole, especially if during the walk it thinks that it is hungry, or dreams of mating.

Aaron David Gordon was a classic of Zionism, one of the theorists of Jewish labor. There are streets and schools named after him in every Israeli city. At the age of 48, leaving the dusty job of an official somewhere in tsarist Russia, Gordon, carried away by the ideas of Leo Tolstoy and at the same time the ideas of Zionism, repatriated to Eretz Israel. Then he started working in one of the "quuts". A young Jewish hard worker who remained unknown was working next to him. Then he published his memoirs in one of the central Israeli newspapers, which I read. So, "kvutsa" dug holes for planting trees. The young hard worker dug three times more of them than the already elderly A.D. Gordon. But Gordon was a symbol, a banner, so he was kept in the "quutz". But the future was not kept there, saying: "We are healthy, and you are sick," and she found herself on the street, becoming one of the many victims of "Jewish labor." The "Kvutz" did not know that she would become a famous poetess.

In short, the reason for everything that was discussed above is not Jewish culture and not "genes", of course, but the simple fact that you need to start doing manual labor from a young age in order to do it well and for a long time, and that any such work requires professionalism in the broadest sense of the word, which after the age of 25 is very rare and very few people. "Esn un trenen darf man kenen". If Israel is destined for 100 years of stable life, and a single civil nation arises in it, eventually a normal working class, peasantry and intelligentsia will form in the country. But not earlier, and not without these necessary conditions, and without the Zionist campaign, which has proven to be counterproductive. Otherwise, only broken bones, loosened toes, rubbed legs will turn out. Nobody needs them.

When Jews are not allowed to work

Non-working days for Jews

Jews are completely forbidden to work:

- on Shabbat (Saturday);

- on Yom Kippur;

Jews are prohibited from doing any work other than cooking:

- on the holidays Pesach, Rosh Hashanah, Shavuot, Sukkot, Simchat Torah and Shemini Atzeret, which are mentioned in the Torah;

It is highly undesirable for Jews to work, but you can:

- on the holidays of Purim and Hanukkah, which have the status of a commandment established by the prophets and sages of Israel;

It is not desirable for Jews to work, but you can:

- on the intermediate days (Hol ha-moed Passover) of the Passover holiday;

Jews are not prohibited from working:

- on the holidays Tu bi-Shvat (New Year of Trees) and Lag ba-omer, which do not have the status of a commandment

Non-working days in Israel are called yom tov

The Passover holiday lasts 7 days in Israel, outside Israel in the diaspora - 8 days. Of these, non-working for Jews in Israel (yom tov) - the first and last days (15 and 21 Nisan), outside Israel in the diaspora - the first 2 and last 2 days (15, 16 and 20, 21 Nisan)

On Hol ha-moed Passover in Israel) - 16-20 days of the month of Nisan, it is undesirable to work, but it is possible. These days should be used for spiritual work appropriate to a specific holiday.

On Shavuot, Israel does not work for one day (Sivan 6), outside Israel in the Diaspora - two days (Sivan 6 and 7)

In Rosh Hashanah, both in Israel and outside Israel, the Diaspora does not work for two days (1 and 2 Tishrei)

On Yom Kippur, both in Israel and outside Israel, the Diaspora does not work for one day (10 Tishrei)

The Sukkot holiday continues in Israel and outside Israel in the diaspora - 7 days. Of these, non-workers in Israel - the first day (15 Tishrei), outside Israel in the diaspora - the first two days (15 and 16 Tishrei)

Shemini Atzeret / Simchat Torah is celebrated in Israel on the same day (22 Tishrei). Outside Israel, in the diaspora, these are two days (on the first they celebrate Shemini Atzeret, on the second - Simchat Torah) - (22 and 23 Tishrei)

On Purim (14 Adar) it is better not to work. But if circumstances do not allow, then you can. In principle, this is permitted since Purim is not included in yom tov.

Yom tov also does not include all eight days of Hanukkah (25 Kislev - 2 Tevet). Therefore, all these days Jews can work without any restrictions. An exception is Saturday, which falls on one of the days of Hanukkah.

On Tu B'Shvat, New Year for Trees - 15th of the month of Shevat, Jews are not prohibited from working

Jews are not prohibited from working on Lag ba-omer on the 18th of the month of Iyar

2018-02-09T16: 13: 47 + 00: 00 konsulmir Israel Holidays and weekendsHolidays and weekends in IsraelJews are prohibited from any work, Jews are highly undesirable to work, Jews are not desirable to work, Jews are not prohibited from working, Jews are not recommended to work, Jews are completely forbidden to work, Jews are allowed to work, Israel, Yom Kippur, When Jews are not allowed to work other than cooking, Lag ba-omer, Non-working days for Jews, but you can, New year for trees, Passover, Fast of 9th Av, Holidays and weekends, Holidays and weekends in Israel, Holidays and weekends in Israel in 2018, Purim, Rosh Hashanah, Simchat Torah and Shemini Atzeret, Sukkot, Tu Bishvat, Hanukkah, Hol ha-moed Passover, Shabbat (Saturday), ShavuotWhen Jews are not allowed to work Non-working days for Jews Jews are completely forbidden to work: - on Shabbat (Saturday); - on Yom Kippur; Jews are prohibited from doing any work other than cooking: - on the holidays of Passover, Rosh Hashanah, Shavuot, Sukkot, Simchat Torah and Shemini Atzeret, which are mentioned in the Torah; It is highly undesirable for Jews to work, but it is possible: - on the 9th of Av; Jews are not advised to work ...konsulmir

Each nation has its own unique characteristics and customs that distinguish it from others. Jews are one of the most distinctive peoples on Earth, with an ancient and tragic history and at the same time a national character, full of love for life and strength. These features are reflected in the mentality and traditions that no one else has.

Celebrate Saturday

Only Jews, as well as related Karaites and Samaritans, celebrate Shabbat - in Russian - "Saturday". This is due to the fact that, according to the Bible, God gave all creation the Sabbath as a time of rest at the end of the sixth day of Creation, after man was created. Shabbat is a sign between the Creator and the people of Israel. The Sabbath prayers say: “And Thou didst not give the Sabbath to the nations of the world, and Thou didst not give it to the idolaters, but only to Israel, Thy people whom Thou didst choose. " Orthodox Jews greet Shabbat on Friday nights with special Shabbat candles lighting and blessings. Shabbat ends on Saturday evening. All this time, the Jews are at rest, not doing any work. You can't even light a fire!

Have a habit of answering a question with a question

In fact, of course, not always and not all Jews do this. However, the idea that it is Jews who answer question to question is based on the traditional Jewish education system. Jewish children and adolescents in the cheder (traditional theological school) are taught not only to read sacred texts in Hebrew and Aramaic, but also to analyze the text and pose questions to it. The ability to ask questions, and therefore find answers to them, is one of the reasons why we consider Jews to be very smart.

Selflessly caring for their family

Of course, all people in the world take care of their families to one degree or another - Jews are not alone here - but it is among Jews that fathers take care of children as touchingly and selflessly as mothers. Husbands dissolve into wives, and the image of a “Jewish mother” has become practically a symbol of all-consuming care. For many reasons, primarily because the Jewish people lived for centuries without a homeland, surrounded by others, conceived by hostile nations, the Jews developed the habit of living in close-knit family clans, caring for each other and supporting each other. Since, who else will take care of the poor Jews if not themselves?

Do not drink milk after eating meat

Jews have one of the most complex food ban systems. Everyone knows that they, like Muslims, are prohibited from eating pork. But the similarities are limited to this. Kosher (permissible) meat for Jews is only the meat of a cow, goat and sheep, as well as elk, gazelle and mountain goat. From birds, you can only eat domestic ones, such as chickens, geese, ducks, quails, turkeys. You can only eat an animal that has been slaughtered by a believing carver who has a special permit for slaughtering animals. The animal must die instantly, all the blood from the carcass must be released in accordance with the rules. Wine is allowed only kosher, that is, made by a faithful winemaker. And, finally, it is strictly forbidden to mix milk and meat not only in the cooking process, but also in the human stomach. Drinking milk is allowed only 6 hours after eating meat.

Instead of flowers, stones are brought

It is not customary for Jews to bring flowers to graves. Instead, they place a pebble on the tombstone. This is due to the fact that according to Jewish tradition, the stone symbolizes eternity. Therefore, at all memorials dedicated to the Holocaust, we almost never see flowers, but we find a scattering of stones.

They twist the rooster over the head as a sign of remorse

On the eve of Yom Kippur, Orthodox Jews perform a strange, in our opinion, ceremony: they twist a rooster over their heads (women - a hen). This custom is called "kapparot" - purification, atonement. Thus, Jews remind themselves that punishment awaits them for their sins and that it is necessary to repent. Holding the bird in his right hand, the Jew reads the sacred text, then rotates the chicken or rooster around his head, and says: “This is a replacement for me, this is for me, this is my ransom! This rooster (chicken) will go to the sacrifice. " Some take fish (necessarily kosher) or just money instead of chicken. Chicken or fish, or money - everything should be given to the poor after the ceremony.

Alms Giving - Masked

On the days of Purim (one of the most cheerful Jewish holidays associated with the memory of the deliverance of the Jewish people from danger in the 4th century BC), it is customary to distribute sweets and other treats, as well as alms to those in need. Usually, children are assigned this responsibility, but sometimes adults also take on this important responsibility. At the same time, such gifts are always brought in masks. This is due to the fact that on Purim, in general, carnivals and costume processions are very common, as well as the fact that, according to Jewish custom, it is necessary that the one to whom alms was given does not know who did it. Therefore, benefactors are hiding behind masks.