2017-03-28 Evgeny Fomenko
Pyrolysis - what is it?
In the context of heating equipment, pyrolysis is understood as the release of volatile gases during the combustion of fuel. The greatest intensity occurs at temperatures above 450 degrees and a lack of oxygen. This is taken into account in the design of pyrolysis boilers, which have two combustion chambers and a controlled oxygen supply.
In one chamber, the fuel burns directly, and in the second, emitted gases. This allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of the equipment in comparison with classic solid fuel boilers. It is necessary to put fuel into pyrolysis-type devices only 2-3 times a day. To find the best pyrolysis boiler long burning consider the possible configurations.
Design features and types of boilers
Number of contours
By the number of circuits, pyrolysis boilers are single-circuit, double-circuit and multi-circuit. Single-circuit are designed only to provide heating of the room. In order to provide DHW with their help, it is necessary to additionally purchase an indirect heating boiler.
Double-circuit models simultaneously heat the room and heat the water for household use... They differ in more complex design, installation and high price. Such equipment is suitable for a home in which they permanently reside. Sometimes there are multi-circuit boilers in which there are more than two circuits. An additional circuit can be used, for example, to provide a warm floor.
Body material
The body of the pyrolysis boiler can be steel or cast iron. Steel boilers lighter and cheaper. They are easier to transport and install. More expensive cast iron models are more reliable. Cast iron is corrosion resistant and has no welding seams... The downside is the fragility of the material, with a sharp temperature drop, it can crack.
Top burning
A separate type is top-combustion pyrolysis boilers with cyclic fuel filling. Such models can work on one portion for up to a day. This is achieved due to the fact that a larger amount of firewood is laid, and always only burns or smolders upper layer... Only high-quality, well-dried solid fuels should be used here. The peculiarity of use is that until the last bookmark burns out, we cannot add firewood.
Principle of operation
According to the principle of operation, convection and air-heating models are distinguished. Convection boilers heat the coolant, which is subsequently carried by pumps to radiators, which may be located in different rooms.
Air heating devices are designed to directly heat the air in the room. Most often used in industrial production premises and in small houses with 1-2 rooms.
Dependence on electricity
Non-volatile models are equipped with a mechanical control panel. Easy to maintain and reliable. Electronically controlled boilers need electricity to operate. Their advantage is more precise tuning. Some models are sold without a control panel. It is purchased separately depending on the needs.
Pellet boiler control panel Atmos
Fuel types
Firewood
One of the most effective species fuel for pyrolysis boilers is firewood. They have a very high percentage of the yield of volatile substances, which is required for the pyrolysis process. It is important to select dried wood, this parameter greatly affects the efficiency.
The wood-fired boiler produces the least amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Also, on wood, the duration of the equipment is long, due to the absence of sulfur in them, which has a destructive effect on the body of the device. When purchasing, it is important to choose the right size of the bars. For this, the depth of the firebox is measured with a tape measure.
Coal
Coal can vary greatly in purity, and therefore in heat transfer. The most expensive and efficient brown coal. When smoldering, it produces the largest amount of gas. Coal is in second place and anthracite is in third place. When fired with coal, the boiler will wear out faster due to its sulfur content, which leads to corrosion.
Pellets
Pellets
Pellets are granules that are produced from shredded waste. The raw materials for them can be sawdust, peat, paper, straw and so on. They are environmentally friendly, they are not used in their production chemical substances... Modern pellet boilers are equipped with an automatic fuel loading system as required.
Model selection
Termico pyrolysis 12 kW
One of the most popular models. Has one circuit, power 12 kW and can heat up to 120 square meters area of the room. Open type combustion chambers. Steel heat exchanger, electronic control panel. The thickness of the metal from which the boiler is made is 5 mm.
Can work with almost any kind solid fuel and wood with humidity up to 40%. The depth of the furnace allows you to place bars up to 37 cm long. The time to enter the pyrolysis mode is about 10 minutes. Installation type floor-standing, dimensions 478 * 1126 * 981 mm, weight 170 kg.
Pyrolysis boiler Termico
Bourgeois-K MODERN-12
Domestic devices Bourgeois-K are manufactured in Kharkov and have proven themselves well in work. Power 12 kW, has one circuit, capable of heating up to 120 sq. m at home. Non-volatile with mechanical control panel. Large firebox with a volume of 30 liters and a depth of 40 cm, which allows loading long pieces of wood.
The grate is made of cast iron. Fuel consumption 1.2 kg per hour. It has the ability to additionally connect a heating element to maintain the temperature of the coolant in the event of the end of solid fuel. Installed on the floor, dimensions 718 * 459 * 560 mm, weight 87 kg.
Boiler Bourgeois-K MODERN-12
WATTEK PYROTEK 30
Pyrolysis boiler WATTEK PYROTEK 30 with a heat output of 30 kW and one circuit. Has a closed combustion chamber. Electronic control with display in Russian. It has several operating modes: standard, summer, with DHW priority. Steel primary heat exchanger. Works with wood fuel only. Dimensions 530 * 1145 * 915 mm.
Boiler WATTEK PYROTEK 30
More information about popular models of pyrolysis boilers can be found in the article at the link:
It is rightfully considered that European pellet boilers are the best heating equipment in their class. Although, in recent times several competitive Russian models have appeared, and the domestic manufacturer is not yet able to create a boiler that will be identical in its parameters to the same “Germans” or “Czechs”.
European manufacturers of pellet boilers
Solid fuel boilers for pellets from Europe, available to domestic consumers for more than 10 recent years... During this time, manufacturers have studied well Russian market and began to offer equipment more adapted to the operating conditions and the wishes of customers.European heating boilers on pellets differ in the following parameters:
- Profitability.
- Reliability.
- Minimum harmful emissions into the atmosphere when burning fuel.
- Combustion process automation.
- Long service life.
German pellet boilers
The leading manufacturers of pellet boilers in Germany are Buderus and Viessmann. The factories of the companies produce wide range of water heating equipment and components required for the installation of heating systems. On this moment, products German manufacturers has no competition in terms of quality and reliability:
German pellet boilers are distinguished by traditional build quality, reliability and full compliance specified in technical documentation parameters. All products are covered by a factory warranty.
Italian pellet boilers
Italian pellet boilers are somewhat inferior in performance and reliability to their German counterparts. They stand out favorably due to the versatility of the offered equipment. The most popular are the products of the following companies:
Italian manufacturers manufacture stand-alone pellet boilers designed for simultaneous heating of heating and hot water systems, controlled by intelligent automation, operating on almost any type of fuel.
Polish pellet boilers
Boilers made in Poland are presented in the lowest price segment. At the same time, the manufactured equipment is reliable and efficient. The most popular are two brands of equipment - Defro and Kostrzewa:
Polish pellet boilers have earned a reputation for being reliable and unpretentious equipment with a high degree of automation and control.
Positive feedback on Polish boilers is gradually bringing Kostrzewa and Defro products into the class of the most demanded pellet equipment.
Czech pellet boilers
Boilers manufactured at OPOP and Benekov factories stand out from the range of products of Czech manufacturers. In terms of performance, reliability and cost, the equipment is similar to German units:
The Czechs produce economical pellet boilers that are distinguished by a well-thought-out design and the absence of everything superfluous. V summer time, models are able to work on heating hot water.
Austrian pellet boiler
There are not so many Austrian companies for the production of pellet boilers, but they all enjoy constant popularity due to the high efficiency of the equipment offered. The low costs of pellets, together with high heat transfer, made it possible to bring the cost of heating on pellets very close to the main gas:
Despite the initial costs, it is profitable to purchase Austrian heating equipment due to the economical costs of pellets during operation. All overpayments will fully pay off in several years of service.
Finnish pellet boilers
Finnish pellet boilers are not as familiar to domestic consumers as Italian and German units. Finnish manufacturers are mainly associated with stove equipment for saunas, and solid fuel boilers for domestic and industrial purposes:
Finland produces “no frills” equipment designed for domestic operating conditions, efficient and reliable.
Pricing policy for pellet boilers from Europe
The main disadvantage that distinguishes imported pellet boilers has always been their high cost. Compared to domestic units with similar characteristics, the price is often 2-3 times higher. The average cost for boilers is as follows:- Pellet boilers from Finland for 30 kW will cost 360 thousand rubles. However, when choosing, it must be borne in mind that the design does not provide for an automation system, remote control and other additional options.
- German pellet heating boilers for long burning - for full automation combustion process, a self-cleaning system and other functionalities, you will have to pay up to 500 thousand rubles. (30 kW Buderus boiler).
- Pellet boilers of Polish production - a fully autonomous heating station for 25 kW manufactured by Kostrzewa, will cost approximately 280-300 thousand rubles. The cost is given taking into account the simultaneous purchase of the Fuzzy Logic 2 logic control system.
- Czech-made pellet boilers are offered for about 320 thousand rubles. taking into account the usual configuration. Additionally, you will need to purchase a silo to increase autonomous operation, a controller for remote control, etc.
- Pellet boilers from Austria - price guideline from 280-320 thousand rubles. depending on the manufacturer and basic configuration. It is possible to connect a built-in tank for heating hot water (purchased separately).
German units will cost the most. Moreover, the cost is higher than the average price level, by 150-200 thousand rubles. than other analogues.
Another country "spoiling" the domestic consumer with "cheap" products is Italy. Pellet boilers, of the same FACI, for 30 kW will cost only 200 thousand rubles.
Are "Europeans" demanding for the quality of pellets?
The operating instructions explicitly state that wood pellets for heating boilers must meet the following requirements:- Woody origin.
- First grade.
- The maximum ash content is not higher than 2-3%.
- White color.
If you plan to use low quality pellets, it is better to choose heating equipment adapted to Russian conditions. Finnish units are suitable, as well as domestic counterparts.
Manufacturers reserve the right to refuse warranty service if it is proved that the boiler was fired with low-grade pellets.
Which pellet boiler is better, ours or imported
Why are imported pellet boilers better than analogs offered by a domestic manufacturer?- Automation of the combustion process - unfortunately, Russian manufacturers often have flaws that affect the operation of the equipment. If we take similar units from the same "Germans", the boilers work without failures.
- Thermal efficiency - fuel consumption in imported pellet boilers is 10-15% less than that of Russian counterparts... In some models, the savings are even greater through the use of modulating burners and condensing units.
- Fuel quality - in this respect, domestic units that are distinguished by their "omnivorous" win.
- Cost - European models of "western" assembly are 2-3 times more expensive than Russian products. An exception is made by Italian FACIs collected on the territory of the Russian Federation. The prime cost of such units is not higher than that of Russian heat generators.
If you want to buy a solid fuel boiler, and you are interested in exactly double-circuit boilers in Moscow - you will most likely face a choice: to purchase a pellet or pyrolysis boiler. As of today, both of these types are quite popular, but they differ greatly in efficiency and in principle of action. Before finally deciding, you need to familiarize yourself with at least basic information about pellet and pyrolysis boilers.
Pyrolysis boilers
By itself, the design of a pyrolysis boiler implies the presence of two main compartments. Fragments of wood are loaded into one, after which they are heated in it to a very high temperature. The low oxygen content does not allow them to burn, but it helps to remove all moisture from the fuel. In addition, such heating contributes to the decomposition of wood into fractions and the formation of so-called pyrolysis gases. The mixture obtained as a result of heating is fed into the second compartment of the boiler, in which the combustion process is already carried out directly. This wood treatment provides very high energy efficiency. Fuel burns much more slowly and at a higher temperature. In addition, you can load fragments of wood into the boiler even once a day - this greatly facilitates the work with the device. An indisputable advantage is the ability to remove all moisture - it has the property of a strong decrease in efficiency in conventional solid fuel boilers.
Pellet boilers
The main fuel for solid fuel pellet boilers is a special material - pellets. These are pellets made using a special technology that weigh relatively little and can be poured into any fuel compartment without any problems. The raw materials used for the manufacture of pellets are agricultural waste, as well as wood that is not subject to further exploitation. Thus, pellets are also an environmentally friendly raw material. The main advantage of pellet heating boilers is the practically unlimited life of the device without refueling - it all depends on the volume of the storage from which the pellets enter the boiler. Each device of this type is equipped with a special dispenser that redirects a certain amount of pellets to the fuel compartment every hour.
If you want to buy a Beretta pyrolysis or pellet boiler - contact us.
They are no less popular than gas ones, their only drawback is considered to be a low level of automation of the combustion process. This problem can be easily solved by installing a pellet boiler with automatic loading and supply of fuel into the heating system of the house.
These are solid fuel boilers received thanks to the fuel used - pellets. They are granules pressed under pressure from wood waste and Agriculture: sawdust, wood chips, husks. During the production of pellets, their moisture content is regulated - finished pellets contain 12-16% moisture. it granule property ensures the efficiency of the combustion process and high efficiency of pellet boilers.
Granules have a small size and good flowability, which makes it possible to feed them automatically. into the boiler from a specially arranged bunker. The duration of the boiler operation on one load depends on the size of the bunker, it can be from several days to two weeks, and for industrial pellet boilers - a month or more.
The device of pellet boilers as a whole does not differ from, the principle of their operation is also similar. In this case, pellet models are equipped with a burner that has special device for automatic feeding of granules.
Boilers with automatic feeding pellets are equipped with automatic ignition - heating element installed in the first chamber, heating a stream of air, from which the surface of the granules begins to smolder. After ignition and the beginning of stable smoldering of the pellets, the heating element is turned off.
The combustion of pellets in the boiler takes place in pyrolysis mode- pellets smolder slowly in the firebox with uniform and dosed air supply. The flue gases formed during smoldering are blown through the burner into the afterburner with the help of a fan, where they burn out, transferring heat to the walls of the heat exchanger.
Pellets burn out almost completely, leaving a small amount of ash... It enters the ash pan, which is separated from the combustion chamber by a grate. Ash removal in most household models is carried out mechanically, but some powerful boilers are equipped with automatic ash removal - a conveyor belt.
Pellet boiler fuel supply system
Household pellet boilers with automatic pellet feeding are equipped with a built-in hopper, while the feed can be bulk, when the pellets fall into the furnace under their own weight, or auger. The volume of such a bunker is small, it is usually lasts for 12-48 hours... To extend the time of continuous operation of the boiler without additional loading, a larger external hopper is installed.
- It can have a different design:
- A box made of metal or tarpaulin on a frame, in the lower part of which a conveyor and a damper are installed, the raising of which occurs upon a signal from the boiler controller.
- A separate room equipped with a feeder can be used as an external hopper. It is convenient to place it below ground level, for example, in a basement, and to load pellets through a hatch or a swing window.
Advantages and disadvantages of pellet boilers
The price of pellet boilers is quite high, so before buying it is necessary to consider all the pros and cons of their installation.
The undoubted advantages of boilers include:
- full automation of the combustion process, minimizing boiler maintenance;
- pellet boilers are equipped with various protections and have a high level of safety;
- environmental friendliness of fuel - when burning pellets, soot and soot are almost not formed, no harmful substances are released into the atmosphere;
- pellets are made from woodworking waste, which allows them to be utilized with benefit and to reduce the amount of varietal wood burned in the form of firewood;
- the cost of pellets does not exceed the price of dry chopped firewood.
The disadvantage of pellet boilers is their volatility.
When the electricity is turned off, combustion in the boiler will stop, and ignition will become impossible. For this reason, experts recommend installing additional source electricity - a generator, the power of which must exceed the maximum power consumption of the boiler in any of the modes.
Calculation of the heat output of the boiler
One of the main indicators is the thermal power of the model, that is, the ability to heat a room of a given area for a long time and efficiently. Heat engineering specialists use a complex calculation that takes into account all influencing factors: geometric dimensions and the shape of the building, the height of the ceilings, the presence and total area of windows, the effectiveness of insulation and the presence of heated adjacent rooms.
The consumer who decides to heat private house using a pellet boiler with automatic feeding, there is no need to delve into complex calculations, it is enough to divide the total area that it plans to heat by 10 - for middle lane, and 8 - for the northern regions.
For example, for Moscow the power of a boiler for heating a house of 200 square meters will be 200/10 = 20 kW, for St. Petersburg 200/8 = 25 kW. Using this principle, you can calculate the required power for a house with any area.
Overview of pellet boiler models
Companies engaged in the supply and installation of boilers offer a fairly large selection of boilers, both imported and Russian-made.
- The price of heating equipment depends on several factors:
- thermal power;
- complete set;
- the level of automation and the presence of built-in protections;
- type of loading and bunker;
- the possibility of using the boiler for heating with other types of fuel;
- body material;
- manufacturer.
In order not to overpay for the brand, you need to compare specifications the offered models and choose the most suitable pellet boiler with automatic feeding.
Czech boilers OPOP BIOPEL
A range of steel pellet boilers from a well-known manufacturer, equipped with a large built-in hopper. Power of various models - from 10 to 200 kW, thanks to which it is easy to find a suitable modification for domestic needs, industrial facilities, small production.
OPOP BIOPEL boilers equipped with a vertical three-way heat exchanger, which improves heat removal and increases efficiency - for these boilers it reaches 92%. A special smoke turbulence system stabilizes draft and combustion mode.
All models equipped with weather-compensated regulation and electric ignition, as well as control function via the Internet... Additionally, they can be equipped with self-cleaning systems of the heat exchanger and burner, ash removal. When ordering them, manual cleaning of the boiler is required only once a heating season, and without self-cleaning systems - once a month.
Price the least powerful model OPOP BIOPEL 10 kW - from 285 thousand rubles.
Boilers Kostrzewa Pellets Fuzzy Logic, Poland
The range includes units with power from 15 to 100 kW, which can work not only on pellets, but also on wood, briquettes, coal. The boilers are equipped with retort burners with replaceable containers for various fuels. The ignition is carried out with hot air.
The dimensions of the built-in hopper allow for the production of download every 1-4 weeks depending on the power of the model. The dimensions of the fuel chamber allow the operation of boilers on wood and coal without removing the pellet burner. The structure of the ash pan and its dimensions allow cleaning it no more often than loading the hopper. The extractor fan is switched on during cleaning and loading to avoid dust build-up.
All models have high level of automation and have a built-in controller and sensor and, as well as a lambda probe for the best regulation of the combustion process. The automatic return water supply uses the bypass principle and regulates its temperature.
Price Kostrzewa Pellets Fuzzy Logic 15 kW - 270 thousand rubles.
Boilers Wirbel EKO-CK PELLET-SET, Austria
Represent universal solid fuel boilers with built-in pellet burner... The housing is made of special steel with a thickness of 5 mm of block type and its device with the possibility of installing the hopper on either side makes the equipment convenient to install.
Basic models equipped with auto-ignition and pellet feeding, but can also work in manual mode on wood or briquettes. Control is carried out from the remote control, and it can also regulate the work pumping equipment heating circuit. Cleaning and maintenance boiler does not take much time and produced no more than once a week.
Price for a set of equipment for 20 kW - 300 thousand rubles.
Boilers Grandeg Bio, Latvia
Simple and reliable heating units made in Latvia with increased fire safety and an airlock in the firebox, excluding the ingress of flame into the bunker. The boiler steel casing ensures a long service life - more than 20 years... The fuel hopper can be installed on either side of the body. Models from this manufacturer can work steadily on pellets of any quality, wood or briquettes.
Price for 25 kW model - 347 thousand rubles.
Boilers Svetlobor, Russia
The lineup includes models of thermal power from 20 to 170 kW... Boiler automation - at the level of the best Western counterparts: automatic feeding, ignition, cleaning and ash removal allow the owner to stay away from the boiler during operation with one load. The size of the load depends only on the volume of the external hopper, the fuel is supplied to the boiler by means of a pneumatic supply. With this high level automation boilers Svetlobor are distinguished by their unpretentiousness to fuel quality.
Price - from 250 thousand rubles.
Pellet boilers Obshchemash, Russia
Russian-made equipment from Obshchemash is represented by two lines Valdai and Peresvet.
Valdai boilers with a capacity of 15-200 kW intended for heating residential and industrial buildings. They are equipped with all the automation necessary for a pellet maker: auto-ignition and automatic fuel supply, self-cleaning burner, a controller that regulates the mode. The unit can be controlled remotely via GSM.
Price - from 138 thousand rubles.
Peresvet models differ from Valdai by the possibility control - via Wi-Fi and the Internet, an enlarged pellet hopper and the ability to work on other types of fuel.
Price - from 146 thousand rubles.
Boilers "Teplodar-Kupper", Russia
The cheapest model Russian production, equipped with the necessary functions for automatic feeding of pellets, auto-ignition and maintaining the combustion process and trouble-free operation. The difference between these models is the built-in heating element, which can work both separately, in the maintenance mode, and simultaneously with the burner at the moments of maximum loads.
Price- the lowest of all the models presented, Kupper-OK in a complete set with a power of 15 kW costs 92 thousand rubles.
The choice of a pellet boiler with automatic supply of granular fuel depends on preferences and financial capabilities. All models presented in the review are certified and safe.
I apologize to the developers and manufacturers of pellet burners for the butter in the title of the topic!
An interesting conversation with a client took place yesterday.
Quite a sensible installer, a well-read forum user saw his sight yesterday, after talking with our sales specialist!
Imagine, he spent quite a lot of time to find a pyrolysis boiler with a pellet burner. Moreover, he needed a pyrolysis unit that would burn off the exhaust gases of the burner.
The task was to find a boiler that would burn pellets with high efficiency. And my interlocutor did not know that each pellet system is designed and manufactured for the purpose of complete mechanical and chemical afterburning of pellets.
The topic was created for people who want to understand the principles of burning pellets in all kinds of systems and to eliminate technical illiteracy among the population.
He took the first burner that came to hand and attached it to the message.
Please note: all flare burners have a secondary air supply system (this is what ordinary people call pyrolysis).
By the way, I noticed that the townsfolk, when they say "pyrolysis" mean exactly the afterburning of waste gases. In their opinion, pyrolysis consists in the fact that the fuel gasses, after which it is burned out in a certain way, as a result of which there is no mechanical or chemical underburning.
Dear, pyrolysis is the gasification of solids or liquids under the influence of high temperatures in an oxygen-free environment!
Very conditionally, pyrolysis boilers can be called pyrolysis boilers, and even then not all of them (not all pyrolysis boilers are pyrolysis in pure form). Pyrolysis plants can be called miners (but they have already been called miners) and some pyrolysis plants.
In a word, score on pyrolysis!
Do not look for pyrolysis pellet burners (they are all pyrolysis, in the sense that they all have an exhaust gas afterburning system and efficiency on dry pellets in optimal modes of about 93 - 98%)!
Do not look for pyrolysis pellet boilers for the purpose of a more complete afterburning of pellets. Pyrolysis pellet boilers are designed to work with wood and pellets!
Well, to make it all the same completely honest, I inform you: indeed, with certain conditions almost all pellet systems can be very inefficient. For example, the efficiency of retort burners can drop up to 50% and, indeed, some manufacturers install lambda probes in their products and come up with ways to reduce chemical burns.
But, dear ones, forget about it! On your 150 - 200 m², all these systems will never pay off! IMHO! (Ready to fend off rotten tomatoes!)
Keep it simple!
And you will be happy!
To prevent the topic from dying right away, please contact the developers and manufacturers of pellet systems: Throw in some messages and pictures. You see, thanks to us, this world will become more people who understand us!
And fewer rotten tomatoes! Otherwise you yourself will get confused again and confuse everyone! Read carefully and between the lines!